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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: Americans for Democratic Action

1996 Positions

Issues: Liberal
State Office District Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 0%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 5%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 5%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 0%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 10%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 85%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 95%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 90%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 95%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 85%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 85%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 90%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 90%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 85%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 15%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 90%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 85%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 15%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 90%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 85%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 90%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 0%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 5%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 95%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 30%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 5%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 5%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 60%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 100%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 5%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 90%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 15%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 80%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 0%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 0%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 80%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 95%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 100%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 10%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 85%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 5%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 5%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 10%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 5%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 10%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 75%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 95%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 95%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 75%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 85%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 92%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 85%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 0%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 10%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 85%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 70%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 90%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 55%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 5%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 90%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 85%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 80%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 95%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 5%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 5%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 15%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 90%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 95%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 85%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 65%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 25%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 30%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 90%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 30%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 85%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 90%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 20%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 85%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 90%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 90%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 95%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 10%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 15%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 75%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 15%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 90%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 15%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 10%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 0%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 95%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 78%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 95%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 95%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 55%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 80%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 0%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 10%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 95%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 55%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 30%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 5%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 15%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 15%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 90%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 10%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 60%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 80%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 80%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 20%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 5%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 90%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 5%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 65%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 5%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 90%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 100%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 90%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 0%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 95%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 20%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 20%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 85%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 85%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 75%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 15%
Gary Ackerman 85%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 95%
Wayne Allard 10%
Bill Archer 5%
Richard Armey 0%
John Ashcroft 5%
Henry Scott Baesler 60%
Richard Hugh Baker 0%
William Baker 5%
John Baldacci 80%
Cass Ballenger 0%
James Barcia 45%
Robert Barr, Jr. 5%
Bill Barrett 0%
Roscoe Bartlett 0%
Charlie Bass 0%
Herbert Bateman 15%
Anthony Beilenson 90%
Bob Bennett 5%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 75%
Douglas Bereuter 20%
Howard Berman 90%
Tom Bevill 35%
Brian Bilbray 20%
Michael Bilirakis 5%
Jeff Bingaman 95%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
Peter Blute 45%
Sherwood Boehlert 50%
Kit Bond 10%
Henry Bonilla 0%
David Edward Bonior 95%
Sonny Bono 0%
Robert Borski, Jr. 80%
Rick Boucher 65%
Bill Bradley 85%
John Breaux 60%
Bill Brewster 25%
Glen Browder 40%
George Brown, Jr. 90%
Hank Brown 5%
Richard Bryan 85%
Ed Bryant 0%
John Bryant 65%
Dale Bumpers 85%
Jim Bunn 25%
Jim Bunning 5%
Conrad Burns 5%
Dan Burton 10%
Steve Buyer 5%
Robert Byrd 70%
Herbert Callahan 0%
Ben Campbell 45%
Thomas Campbell 40%
Mike Castle 25%
John Chafee 40%
Jim Chapman 50%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 10%
Jon Lynn Christensen 5%
Dick Chrysler 5%
William Clay, Sr. 80%
Eva Clayton 100%
Robert Clement 60%
William Clinger 10%
William Cohen 25%
Ronald Coleman 70%
Barbara-Rose Collins 95%
Cardiss Collins 70%
Michael Collins 5%
Larry Combest 0%
Gary Condit 35%
Kent Conrad 85%
Wes Cooley 0%
Jerry Costello 70%
Paul Coverdell 5%
Christopher Cox 5%
William Coyne 100%
Larry Craig 0%
Robert Cramer 40%
Philip Crane 0%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 0%
Barbara Cubin 0%
Randall Cunningham 10%
Alfonse D'Amato 25%
Patsy Ann Danner 55%
Thomas Daschle 90%
Thomas Davis III 15%
E. Kika de la Garza 40%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Ronald Dellums 100%
Peter Deutsch 70%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 30%
Jay Dickey 0%
Norm Dicks 65%
Julian Dixon 90%
Chris Dodd 85%
Robert Dole 5%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 20%
Calvin Dooley 55%
John Doolittle 5%
Byron Dorgan 85%
Robert Dornan 10%
David Dreier 0%
Jennifer Dunn 0%
Chet Edwards 60%
Vern Ehlers 25%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 10%
Bill Emerson 0%
Philip English 10%
John Ensign 5%
Lane Evans 95%
Terry Everett 5%
Thomas Ewing 0%
Jim Exon 75%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 5%
Harris Fawell 10%
Victor Fazio 80%
Russ Feingold 95%
Cleo Fields 70%
Jack Fields, Jr. 0%
Floyd Flake 80%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 20%
Thomas Foglietta 85%
Mark Foley 10%
Michael Patrick Forbes 15%
Harold Ford, Sr. 80%
Wendell Ford 70%
Tillie Fowler 10%
Jon David Fox 35%
Sheila Frahm 0%
Barney Frank 100%
Gary Franks 15%
Robert Franks 35%
Dan Frisa 10%
William Frist 0%
Jonas Frost III 65%
David Funderburk 5%
Elizabeth Furse 80%
Elton Gallegly 0%
John Ganske 20%
Sam Gejdenson 90%
George Gekas 0%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 85%
Pete Geren 10%
Sam Gibbons 70%
Wayne Gilchrest 20%
Paul Gillmor 15%
Benjamin Gilman 35%
Newt Gingrich 0%
John Glenn 95%
Henry Gonzalez 80%
William Goodling 10%
Bart Gordon 45%
Slade Gorton 15%
Porter Goss 10%
Daniel Graham 85%
William Phillip Gramm 0%
Rodney Grams 5%
Enid Greene 10%
James Greenwood 25%
Judd Gregg 5%
Steven Gunderson 10%
Gilbert Gutknecht 5%
Tony Hall 65%
Lee Hamilton 45%
Melton Hancock 0%
James Hansen 0%
Jane Harman 60%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
Mark Hatfield 55%
James Hayes 5%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 0%
Joel Hefley 10%
W.G. Hefner 55%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 10%
Jesse Helms 5%
Wally Herger, Jr. 0%
Van Hilleary 0%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 85%
Maurice Hinchey 95%
David Lee Hobson 0%
Pete Hoekstra 10%
Martin Hoke 10%
Thomas Holden 45%
Ernest Hollings 70%
Stephen Horn 40%
John Nathan Hostettler 20%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 20%
Duncan Hunter 10%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 5%
Kay Hutchison 5%
Henry Hyde 10%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 10%
Daniel Inouye 85%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 10%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 100%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 75%
William Jefferson 85%
James Merrill Jeffords 50%
Nancy Johnson 20%
Harry Johnston 70%
J. Bennett Johnston 60%
Paul Kanjorski 65%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 25%
Sue Kelly 10%
Dirk Kempthorne 0%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 90%
Joseph Kennedy II 95%
Patrick Kennedy 85%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 80%
Bob Kerrey 85%
Dale Kildee 75%
Jay Kim 0%
Gerald Kleczka 75%
Ronald Klink 65%
Scott Klug 40%
Joseph Knollenberg 0%
Herb Kohl 75%
James Kolbe 5%
Jon Kyl 5%
John LaFalce 80%
Ray LaHood 10%
Tom Lantos 95%
Stephen Largent 10%
Steve LaTourette 15%
Greg Laughlin 0%
Rick Lazio 15%
James Leach 40%
Jerry Lewis 5%
Ron Lewis 5%
Joe Lieberman 75%
Jim Lightfoot 0%
Blanche Lincoln 30%
John Linder 0%
William Lipinski 70%
Robert Livingston 0%
James Longley, Jr. 5%
Trent Lott, Sr. 5%
Dick Lugar 5%
William Luther 80%
Connie Mack 0%
Thomas Manton 65%
Don Manzullo 5%
Matthew Martinez 80%
Bill Martini 50%
Frank Mascara 60%
Robert Matsui 85%
Karen McCarthy 80%
Bill McCollum 0%
James McCrery III 0%
Joseph McDade 5%
Paul McHale 70%
John McHugh 10%
Scott McInnis 5%
David McIntosh 0%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 100%
Michael McNulty 60%
Martin Meehan 85%
Carrie Meek 85%
Jack Metcalf 0%
Jan Meyers 25%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 83%
Dan Miller 10%
David Minge 70%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 95%
John Moakley 65%
Susan Molinari 20%
Alan Mollohan 65%
G.V. Montgomery 10%
Carlos Moorhead 0%
Constance Morella 50%
Carol Moseley Braun 90%
Patrick Moynihan 90%
Frank Murkowski 15%
Jack Murtha 55%
John Myers 0%
Sue Myrick 10%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 0%
Mark Neumann 15%
Robert William Ney 10%
Don Nickles 0%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
Sam Nunn 40%
James Nussle 5%
Jim Oberstar 80%
Dave Obey 75%
John Olver 95%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 60%
Bill Orton 65%
Major Owens 95%
Michael Oxley 5%
Ronald Packard 0%
Mike Parker 0%
William Paxon 0%
Donald Payne 95%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 45%
Claiborne Pell 95%
Pete Peterson 60%
Owen Pickett 45%
Richard Pombo 5%
Earl Pomeroy 80%
John Edward Porter 25%
Glenn Poshard 70%
Larry Pressler 5%
Deborah Pryce 5%
David Pryor 70%
James Quillen 0%
Jack Quinn 35%
George Radanovich 0%
James Ramstad 35%
Ralph Regula 15%
Bill Richardson 75%
Frank Duncan Riggs 10%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 95%
Charles Robb 80%
Timothy Roemer 60%
Charles Rose III 70%
Toby Roth 5%
William Roth, Jr. 10%
Marge Roukema 50%
Martin Olav Sabo 90%
Rick Santorum 15%
Paul Sarbanes 95%
Jim Saxton 15%
Joe Scarborough 10%
Daniel Schaefer 0%
Steven Schiff 25%
Patricia Schroeder 80%
Andrea Seastrand 5%
John Shadegg 5%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 10%
Christopher Shays 30%
E.G. Shuster 0%
Paul Simon 90%
Alan Simpson 20%
Norman Sisisky 35%
David Skaggs 90%
Joseph Skeen 5%
Ike Skelton 40%
Linda Smith 5%
Nick Smith 10%
Bob Smith 5%
Olympia Snowe 35%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 5%
Mark Souder 10%
Arlen Specter 50%
Floyd Spence 5%
John Spratt, Jr. 60%
Pete Stark 80%
Cliff Stearns 5%
Charles Stenholm 50%
Ted Stevens 20%
Louis Stokes 65%
Gerry Studds 90%
Bob Stump 0%
Bart Stupak 75%
James Talent 10%
John Tanner 45%
Randy Tate 5%
William Tauzin 0%
Charles Taylor 5%
Gene Taylor 30%
Frank Tejeda 60%
Craig Thomas 5%
William Thomas 5%
Fred Thompson 0%
Ray Thornton 55%
Karen Thurman 75%
Strom Thurmond 5%
Todd Tiahrt 5%
Peter Torkildsen 55%
Esteban Edward Torres 100%
Robert Torricelli 70%
Ed Towns 85%
James Traficant, Jr. 55%
Bruce Vento 95%
Harold Volkmer 60%
Barbara Vucanovich 0%
Robert Walker 10%
James Walsh 20%
Zach Wamp 15%
Michael Ward 80%
John Warner 5%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 0%
David Weldon 5%
W. Curtis Weldon 15%
Gerald Weller 5%
Paul Wellstone 95%
Rick White 0%
Pat Williams 70%
Charles Wilson 40%
Bob Wise, Jr. 70%
Lynn Woolsey 95%
Albert Wynn 90%
Sidney Yates 85%
Bill Zeliff 0%
Richard Zimmer 30%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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