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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: American Public Health Association

1998 Positions

State Office District Name Party Rating
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 100%
Gary Ackerman 100%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 100%
Thomas Allen 100%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 100%
John Baldacci 100%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 100%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 100%
Howard Berman 100%
Jeff Bingaman 100%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 100%
Sherwood Boehlert 100%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 1 Bob Brady Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 100%
George Brown, Jr. 100%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 24 Lois Capps Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 100%
Julia Carson 100%
William Clay, Sr. 100%
Eva Clayton 100%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland 100%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 100%
William Coyne 100%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 7 Danny Davis Democratic 100%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 100%
CO U.S. House 1 Diana DeGette Democratic 100%
Bill Delahunt 100%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 100%
Peter Deutsch 100%
Norm Dicks 100%
Julian Dixon 100%
Chris Dodd 100%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 100%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 100%
Chet Edwards 100%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 100%
Lane Evans 100%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 100%
Russ Feingold 100%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 100%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 100%
Harold Ford, Jr. 100%
Barney Frank 100%
Jonas Frost III 100%
Sam Gejdenson 100%
Daniel Graham 100%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 100%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 100%
Maurice Hinchey 100%
Darlene Hooley 100%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 100%
Daniel Inouye 100%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 100%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 100%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 100%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 100%
Bob Kerrey 100%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 100%
Carolyn Kilpatrick 100%
Herb Kohl 100%
Tom Lantos 100%
Frank Lautenberg 100%
CA U.S. House 13 Barbara Lee Democratic 100%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 100%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 100%
Joe Lieberman 100%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 100%
Robert Matsui 100%
NY U.S. House 4 Carolyn McCarthy Democratic 100%
Karen McCarthy 100%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 2 Jim McGovern Democratic 100%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 100%
Martin Meehan 100%
Carrie Meek 100%
NY U.S. House 5 Gregory Meeks Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Bob Menendez Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 100%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 100%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 100%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 100%
Constance Morella 100%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 100%
John Olver 100%
Major Owens 100%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 100%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 100%
Donald Payne 100%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 100%
NC U.S. House 4 David Price Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 100%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 100%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 100%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 100%
Steve Rothman 100%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 100%
Martin Olav Sabo 100%
CA U.S. House 46 Loretta Sanchez Democratic 100%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 100%
Paul Sarbanes 100%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 100%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 100%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 30 Brad Sherman Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 100%
WA U.S. House 9 Adam Smith Democratic 100%
Vic Snyder 100%
MI U.S. Senate Jr Debbie Stabenow Democratic 100%
Pete Stark 100%
Ellen Tauscher 100%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 100%
Karen Thurman 100%
MA U.S. House 6 John Tierney Democratic 100%
Robert Torricelli 100%
Ed Towns 100%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 100%
Bruce Vento 100%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 100%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 100%
Paul Wellstone 100%
Robert Wexler 100%
Lynn Woolsey 100%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 100%
Albert Wynn 100%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 88%
Rod Blagojevich 88%
David Edward Bonior 88%
Robert Borski, Jr. 88%
Rick Boucher 88%
Thomas Campbell 88%
James Davis 88%
Calvin Dooley 88%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 88%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 88%
Stephen Horn 88%
William Jefferson 88%
Nancy Johnson 88%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 88%
Patrick Kennedy 88%
WI U.S. House 3 Ron Kind Democratic 88%
Gerald Kleczka 88%
Nicholas Lampson 88%
William Luther 88%
James Maloney 88%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 88%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 88%
Jim Oberstar 88%
Dave Obey 88%
Ciro Rodriguez 88%
Bob Weygand 88%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 86%
TX U.S. House 15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. Democratic 86%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 83%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 83%
Richard Bryan 83%
Thomas Daschle 83%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 83%
LA U.S. Senate Sr Mary Landrieu Democratic 83%
Patrick Moynihan 83%
John Moakley 80%
Brian Bilbray 75%
Mike Castle 75%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 75%
John Ganske 75%
Benjamin Gilman 75%
James Greenwood 75%
Dennis Kucinich 75%
James Leach 75%
David Minge 75%
NJ U.S. House 9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. Democratic 75%
Christopher Shays 75%
John Spratt, Jr. 75%
Bob Wise, Jr. 75%
Matthew Martinez 71%
Michael McNulty 71%
Robert Byrd 67%
John Chafee 67%
Byron Dorgan 67%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 67%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 67%
Charles Robb 67%
Marion Berry 63%
Robert Clement 63%
Gary Condit 63%
Bob Etheridge 63%
Robert Franks 63%
Wayne Gilchrest 63%
Paul Kanjorski 63%
Sue Kelly 63%
Dale Kildee 63%
Ronald Klink 63%
James Kolbe 63%
John LaFalce 63%
Steve LaTourette 63%
Rick Lazio 63%
Owen Pickett 63%
John Edward Porter 63%
James Ramstad 63%
Norman Sisisky 63%
Ted Strickland 63%
Bart Stupak 63%
Arlen Specter 60%
Silvestre Reyes 57%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 50%
Leonard Boswell 50%
Allen Boyd, Jr. 50%
John Breaux 50%
ME U.S. Senate Sr Susan Collins Republican 50%
Kent Conrad 50%
Jerry Costello 50%
Thomas Davis III 50%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 50%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 50%
Michael Patrick Forbes 50%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 50%
Bart Gordon 50%
James Merrill Jeffords 50%
Jack Murtha 50%
Earl Pomeroy 50%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 50%
Timothy Roemer 50%
Marge Roukema 50%
Max Sandlin, Jr. 50%
Olympia Snowe 50%
John Tanner 50%
James Turner 50%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 50%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 50%
Robert Cramer 43%
Mark Foley 43%
Tony Hall 43%
Ernest Hollings 40%
James Barcia 38%
Merrill Cook 38%
Patsy Ann Danner 38%
Vern Ehlers 38%
Thomas Holden 38%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 38%
William Lipinski 38%
Frank Mascara 38%
NC U.S. House 7 Mike McIntyre Democratic 38%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 38%
Gene Taylor 38%
W. Curtis Weldon 38%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 33%
Kit Bond 33%
William Frist 33%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 33%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 33%
William Roth, Jr. 33%
John Warner 33%
Christopher John 29%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 29%
Deborah Pryce 29%
Charlie Bass 25%
Douglas Bereuter 25%
Henry Bonilla 25%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 25%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 25%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 25%
Thomas Ewing 25%
Vito Fossella, Jr. 25%
Elton Gallegly 25%
TX U.S. House 12 Kay Granger Republican 25%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 25%
David Lee Hobson 25%
Jerry Lewis 25%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 25%
John McHugh 25%
Dan Miller 25%
Alan Mollohan 25%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 25%
Michael Oxley 25%
Edward Pease 25%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 25%
Ralph Regula 25%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 25%
Jim Saxton 25%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 25%
Ike Skelton 25%
Nick Smith 25%
Charles Stenholm 25%
William Thomas 25%
James Walsh 25%
Gerald Weller 25%
Bob Bennett 17%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 17%
Ben Campbell 17%
Paul Coverdell 17%
Slade Gorton 17%
Judd Gregg 17%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel Republican 17%
Kay Hutchison 17%
Dick Lugar 17%
Connie Mack 17%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 17%
Gordon Smith 17%
Ted Stevens 17%
James Hansen 14%
Rick Hill 14%
Henry Hyde 14%
John Peterson 14%
Jack Quinn 14%
Heather Wilson 14%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 14%
AL U.S. House 4 Robert Aderholt Republican 13%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 13%
Richard Hugh Baker 13%
Bill Barrett 13%
Michael Bilirakis 13%
Mary Bono Mack 13%
Ed Bryant 13%
Jim Bunning 13%
Dan Burton 13%
Herbert Callahan 13%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 13%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 13%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 13%
Larry Combest 13%
John Cooksey 13%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 13%
Jay Dickey 13%
Jennifer Dunn 13%
Terry Everett 13%
Tillie Fowler 13%
Jim Gibbons 13%
Paul Gillmor 13%
Virgil Goode, Jr. 13%
Porter Goss 13%
Gilbert Gutknecht 13%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 13%
Asa Hutchinson 13%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 13%
Ray LaHood 13%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 13%
Robert Livingston 13%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 13%
KS U.S. Senate Jr Jerry Moran Republican 13%
Robert William Ney 13%
Anne Northup 13%
James Nussle 13%
Bob Riley 13%
James Rogan 13%
Jim Ryun 13%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 13%
IL U.S. House 15 John Shimkus Republican 13%
Joseph Skeen 13%
Mark Souder 13%
Bob Stump 13%
James Talent 13%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 13%
SD U.S. Senate Jr John Thune Republican 13%
James Traficant, Jr. 13%
Wesley Watkins 13%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 13%
David Weldon 13%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 13%
Wayne Allard 0%
Bill Archer 0%
Richard Armey 0%
John Ashcroft 0%
Cass Ballenger 0%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
Roscoe Bartlett 0%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 0%
Herbert Bateman 0%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
MO U.S. Senate Jr Roy Blunt Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 8 Kevin Brady Republican 0%
Conrad Burns 0%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 0%
Steve Buyer 0%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 0%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 0%
Chris Cannon 0%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 0%
Michael Collins 0%
Christopher Cox 0%
Larry Craig 0%
Philip Crane 0%
Barbara Cubin 0%
Randall Cunningham 0%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 0%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 0%
John Doolittle 0%
David Dreier 0%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 0%
Jo Ann Emerson 0%
Philip English 0%
WY U.S. Senate Sr Mike Enzi Republican 0%
George Gekas 0%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
William Goodling 0%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 0%
William Phillip Gramm 0%
Rodney Grams 0%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 0%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 0%
Joel Hefley 0%
Jesse Helms 0%
Wally Herger, Jr. 0%
Van Hilleary 0%
Pete Hoekstra 0%
John Nathan Hostettler 0%
Kenny Hulshof 0%
Duncan Hunter 0%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 0%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 0%
William Lewis Jenkins 0%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 0%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 0%
Joseph Knollenberg 0%
Jon Kyl 0%
Stephen Largent 0%
Ron Lewis 0%
John Linder 0%
Trent Lott, Sr. 0%
Don Manzullo 0%
Bill McCollum 0%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 0%
James McCrery III 0%
Scott McInnis 0%
David McIntosh 0%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 0%
Jack Metcalf 0%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 0%
Frank Murkowski 0%
Sue Myrick 0%
Don Nickles 0%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
Ronald Packard 0%
Ron Paul 0%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 0%
Charles Pickering, Jr. 0%
PA U.S. House 16 Joe Pitts Republican 0%
Richard Pombo 0%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 0%
George Radanovich 0%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 0%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 0%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 0%
Rick Santorum 0%
Joe Scarborough 0%
CO State Board of Education 4 Robert Schaffer Republican 0%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 0%
AL U.S. Senate Jr Jeff Sessions III Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 32 Pete Sessions Republican 0%
John Shadegg 0%
E.G. Shuster 0%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 0%
Bob Smith 0%
Floyd Spence 0%
Cliff Stearns 0%
John Sununu 0%
William Tauzin 0%
Charles Taylor 0%
Craig Thomas 0%
Fred Thompson 0%
Strom Thurmond 0%
Todd Tiahrt 0%
Zach Wamp 0%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 0%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 0%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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