Rating Group: American Public Health Association

1998 Positions

State Office Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House-At-Large Don Young R 14%
AL U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Shelby R 17%
AL U.S. Senate-Jr Jeff Sessions III R 0%
AL U.S. House-4 Robert Aderholt R 13%
AL U.S. House-6 Spencer Bachus R 13%
AZ U.S. Senate-Sr John McCain III R 33%
AZ U.S. House-5 Matthew Salmon R 0%
AZ U.S. House-7 Ed Pastor D 100%
CA U.S. Senate-Sr Dianne Feinstein D 100%
CA U.S. Senate-Jr Barbara Boxer D 100%
CA U.S. House-11 George Miller D 100%
CA U.S. House-12 Nancy Pelosi D 100%
CA U.S. House-13 Barbara Lee D 100%
CA U.S. House-18 Anna Eshoo D 100%
CA U.S. House-19 Zoe Lofgren D 100%
CA U.S. House-20 Sam Farr D 100%
CA U.S. House-24 Lois Capps D 100%
CA U.S. House-25 Buck McKeon R 0%
CA U.S. House-30 Brad Sherman D 100%
CA U.S. House-33 Henry Waxman D 100%
CA U.S. House-34 Xavier Becerra D 100%
CA U.S. House-39 Ed Royce R 0%
CA U.S. House-40 Lucille Roybal-Allard D 100%
CA U.S. House-42 Ken Calvert R 25%
CA U.S. House-43 Maxine Waters D 100%
CA U.S. House-46 Loretta Sanchez D 100%
CA U.S. House-48 Dana Rohrabacher R 0%
CA Mayor-At-Large Bob Filner D 100%
CO U.S. House-1 Diana DeGette D 100%
CO State Board of Education-4 Robert Schaffer R 0%
CT U.S. House-3 Rosa DeLauro D 100%
FL U.S. House-5 Corrine Brown D 100%
FL U.S. House-7 John Mica R 0%
FL U.S. House-13 Bill Young R 0%
FL U.S. House-20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. D 100%
FL U.S. House-27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R 25%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady Other 0%
GA U.S. Senate-Sr Saxby Chambliss R 13%
GA U.S. House-1 Jack Kingston R 0%
GA U.S. House-2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. D 50%
GA U.S. House-5 John Lewis D 100%
GA Governor Nathan Deal R 0%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie D 100%
IA U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Grassley R 33%
IA U.S. Senate-Jr Tom Harkin D 100%
IA U.S. House-3 Tom Latham R 13%
ID U.S. Senate-Sr Mike Crapo R 13%
IL U.S. Senate-Sr Dick Durbin D 100%
IL U.S. House-1 Bobby Rush D 100%
IL U.S. House-4 Luis Gutierrez D 88%
IL U.S. House-7 Danny Davis D 100%
IL U.S. House-15 John Shimkus R 13%
IN U.S. House-1 Pete Visclosky D 50%
KS U.S. Senate-Sr Pat Roberts R 0%
KS U.S. Senate-Jr Jerry Moran R 13%
KS Governor Sam Brownback R 17%
KY U.S. Senate-Sr Mitch McConnell R 0%
KY U.S. House-1 Ed Whitfield R 0%
KY U.S. House-5 Hal Rogers R 0%
LA U.S. Senate-Sr Mary Landrieu D 83%
MA U.S. House-1 Richard Neal D 88%
MA U.S. House-2 Jim McGovern D 100%
MA U.S. House-5 Ed Markey D 100%
MA U.S. House-6 John Tierney D 100%
MD U.S. Senate-Sr Barbara Mikulski D 100%
MD U.S. Senate-Jr Ben Cardin D 100%
MD U.S. House-5 Steny Hoyer D 100%
MD U.S. House-7 Elijah Cummings D 100%
ME U.S. Senate-Sr Susan Collins R 50%
MI U.S. Senate-Sr Carl Levin D 100%
MI U.S. Senate-Jr Debbie Stabenow D 100%
MI U.S. House-4 Dave Camp R 0%
MI U.S. House-6 Fred Upton R 50%
MI U.S. House-9 Sandy Levin D 100%
MI U.S. House-12 John Dingell D 75%
MI U.S. House-13 John Conyers, Jr. D 100%
MN U.S. House-7 Collin Peterson DFL 25%
MO U.S. Senate-Jr Roy Blunt R 0%
MS U.S. Senate-Sr Thad Cochran R 13%
MS U.S. Senate-Jr Roger Wicker R 0%
MS U.S. House-2 Bennie Thompson D 100%
MT U.S. Senate-Sr Max Baucus D 83%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. D 83%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel R 17%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry D 100%
NC U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Burr R 0%
NC U.S. House-3 Walter Jones, Jr. R 0%
NC U.S. House-4 David Price D 100%
NC U.S. House-6 Howard Coble R 0%
NC U.S. House-7 Mike McIntyre D 38%
NC U.S. House-12 Mel Watt D 100%
NJ U.S. Senate-Sr Bob Menendez D 100%
NJ U.S. House-1 Rob Andrews D 100%
NJ U.S. House-2 Frank LoBiondo R 25%
NJ U.S. House-4 Chris Smith R 38%
NJ U.S. House-6 Frank Pallone, Jr. D 100%
NJ U.S. House-9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. D 75%
NJ U.S. House-11 Rodney Frelinghuysen R 50%
NV U.S. Senate-Sr Harry Reid D 67%
NY U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Schumer D 100%
NY U.S. House-2 Pete King R 0%
NY U.S. House-4 Carolyn McCarthy D 100%
NY U.S. House-5 Gregory Meeks D 100%
NY U.S. House-7 Nydia Velázquez D 100%
NY U.S. House-10 Jerry Nadler D 100%
NY U.S. House-12 Carolyn Maloney D 100%
NY U.S. House-13 Charlie Rangel D 100%
NY U.S. House-15 José Serrano D 100%
NY U.S. House-16 Eliot Engel D 100%
NY U.S. House-17 Nita Lowey D 100%
NY U.S. House-25 Louise Slaughter D 100%
OH U.S. Senate-Sr Sherrod Brown D 100%
OH U.S. Senate-Jr Rob Portman R 0%
OH U.S. House-1 Steve Chabot R 0%
OH U.S. House-8 John Boehner R 0%
OH U.S. House-9 Marcy Kaptur D 88%
OH Governor John Kasich R 13%
OH State Senate-28 Thomas Sawyer D 100%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine R 50%
OK U.S. Senate-Sr Jim Inhofe R 0%
OK U.S. Senate-Jr Thomas Coburn R 0%
OK U.S. House-3 Frank Lucas R 13%
OR U.S. Senate-Sr Ron Wyden D 100%
OR U.S. House-3 Earl Blumenauer D 100%
OR U.S. House-4 Peter DeFazio D 100%
PA U.S. House-1 Bob Brady D 100%
PA U.S. House-2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. D 100%
PA U.S. House-14 Mike Doyle, Jr. D 50%
PA U.S. House-16 Joe Pitts R 0%
RI U.S. Senate-Sr Jack Reed D 100%
SC U.S. Senate-Sr Lindsey Graham R 0%
SC U.S. House-1 Mark Sanford, Jr. R 13%
SC U.S. House-6 Jim Clyburn D 100%
SD U.S. Senate-Sr Timothy Johnson D 83%
SD U.S. Senate-Jr John Thune R 13%
TN U.S. House-2 John Duncan, Jr. R 0%
TX U.S. House-3 Sam Johnson R 0%
TX U.S. House-4 Ralph Hall R 25%
TX U.S. House-6 Joe Barton R 0%
TX U.S. House-8 Kevin Brady R 0%
TX U.S. House-12 Kay Granger R 25%
TX U.S. House-13 Mac Thornberry R 13%
TX U.S. House-15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. D 86%
TX U.S. House-18 Sheila Jackson Lee D 100%
TX U.S. House-21 Lamar Smith R 0%
TX U.S. House-29 Gene Green D 86%
TX U.S. House-30 Eddie Johnson D 100%
TX U.S. House-32 Pete Sessions R 0%
TX U.S. House-35 Lloyd Doggett D 100%
UT U.S. Senate-Sr Orrin Hatch R 0%
VA U.S. House-3 Bobby Scott D 100%
VA U.S. House-6 Bob Goodlatte R 0%
VA U.S. House-8 Jim Moran, Jr. D 88%
VA U.S. House-10 Frank Wolf R 13%
VT U.S. Senate-Sr Patrick Leahy D 67%
VT U.S. Senate-Jr Bernie Sanders I 100%
WA U.S. Senate-Sr Patty Murray D 100%
WA U.S. House-4 Doc Hastings R 0%
WA U.S. House-7 Jim McDermott D 100%
WA U.S. House-9 Adam Smith D 100%
WI U.S. House-3 Ron Kind D 88%
WI U.S. House-5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. R 0%
WI U.S. House-6 Tom Petri R 0%
WI Mayor-At-Large Tom Barrett D 88%
WV U.S. Senate-Sr Jay Rockefeller IV D 100%
WV U.S. House-3 Nick Rahall II D 50%
WY U.S. Senate-Sr Mike Enzi R 0%
Edmond Spencer Abraham Other 33%
Gary Ackerman Other 100%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. Other 100%
Wayne Allard Other 0%
Thomas Allen Other 100%
Bill Archer Other 0%
Richard Armey Other 0%
John Ashcroft Other 0%
Richard Hugh Baker Other 13%
John Baldacci Other 100%
Cass Ballenger Other 0%
James Barcia Other 38%
Robert Barr, Jr. Other 0%
Bill Barrett Other 13%
Roscoe Bartlett Other 0%
Charlie Bass Other 25%
Herbert Bateman Other 0%
Bob Bennett Other 17%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. Other 100%
Douglas Bereuter Other 25%
Howard Berman Other 100%
Marion Berry Other 63%
Brian Bilbray Other 75%
Michael Bilirakis Other 13%
Jeff Bingaman Other 100%
Rod Blagojevich Other 88%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. Other 0%
Sherwood Boehlert Other 100%
Kit Bond Other 33%
Henry Bonilla Other 25%
David Edward Bonior Other 88%
Mary Bono Mack Other 13%
Robert Borski, Jr. Other 88%
Leonard Boswell Other 50%
Rick Boucher Other 88%
Allen Boyd, Jr. Other 50%
John Breaux Other 50%
George Brown, Jr. Other 100%
Richard Bryan Other 83%
Ed Bryant Other 13%
Jim Bunning Other 13%
Conrad Burns Other 0%
Dan Burton Other 13%
Steve Buyer Other 0%
Robert Byrd Other 67%
Herbert Callahan Other 13%
Ben Campbell Other 17%
Thomas Campbell Other 88%
Chris Cannon Other 0%
Julia Carson Other 100%
Mike Castle Other 75%
John Chafee Other 67%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage Other 13%
William Clay, Sr. Other 100%
Eva Clayton Other 100%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland Other 100%
Robert Clement Other 63%
Michael Collins Other 0%
Larry Combest Other 13%
Gary Condit Other 63%
Kent Conrad Other 50%
Merrill Cook Other 38%
John Cooksey Other 13%
Jerry Costello Other 50%
Paul Coverdell Other 17%
Christopher Cox Other 0%
William Coyne Other 100%
Larry Craig Other 0%
Robert Cramer Other 43%
Philip Crane Other 0%
Barbara Cubin Other 0%
Randall Cunningham Other 0%
Patsy Ann Danner Other 38%
Thomas Daschle Other 83%
James Davis Other 88%
Thomas Davis III Other 50%
Bill Delahunt Other 100%
Thomas DeLay Other 0%
Peter Deutsch Other 100%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart Other 25%
Jay Dickey Other 13%
Norm Dicks Other 100%
Julian Dixon Other 100%
Chris Dodd Other 100%
Pete Domenici, Jr. Other 0%
Calvin Dooley Other 88%
John Doolittle Other 0%
Byron Dorgan Other 67%
David Dreier Other 0%
Jennifer Dunn Other 13%
Chet Edwards Other 100%
Vern Ehlers Other 38%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. Other 25%
Jo Ann Emerson Other 0%
Philip English Other 0%
Bob Etheridge Other 63%
Lane Evans Other 100%
Terry Everett Other 13%
Thomas Ewing Other 25%
Russ Feingold Other 100%
Mark Foley Other 43%
Michael Patrick Forbes Other 50%
Harold Ford, Jr. Other 100%
Vito Fossella, Jr. Other 25%
Tillie Fowler Other 13%
Barney Frank Other 100%
Robert Franks Other 63%
William Frist Other 33%
Jonas Frost III Other 100%
Elton Gallegly Other 25%
John Ganske Other 75%
Sam Gejdenson Other 100%
George Gekas Other 0%
Richard Andrew Gephardt Other 88%
Jim Gibbons Other 13%
Wayne Gilchrest Other 63%
Paul Gillmor Other 13%
Benjamin Gilman Other 75%
Virgil Goode, Jr. Other 13%
William Goodling Other 0%
Bart Gordon Other 50%
Slade Gorton Other 17%
Porter Goss Other 13%
Daniel Graham Other 100%
William Phillip Gramm Other 0%
Rodney Grams Other 0%
James Greenwood Other 75%
Judd Gregg Other 17%
Gilbert Gutknecht Other 13%
Tony Hall Other 43%
James Hansen Other 14%
J. Dennis Hastert Other 0%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. Other 13%
Joel Hefley Other 0%
Jesse Helms Other 0%
Wally Herger, Jr. Other 0%
Rick Hill Other 14%
Van Hilleary Other 0%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. Other 100%
Maurice Hinchey Other 100%
David Lee Hobson Other 25%
Pete Hoekstra Other 0%
Thomas Holden Other 38%
Ernest Hollings Other 40%
Darlene Hooley Other 100%
Stephen Horn Other 88%
John Nathan Hostettler Other 0%
Amory Houghton, Jr. Other 38%
Kenny Hulshof Other 0%
Duncan Hunter Other 0%
Asa Hutchinson Other 13%
Y. Tim Hutchinson Other 0%
Kay Hutchison Other 17%
Henry Hyde Other 14%
Daniel Inouye Other 100%
Ernest Istook, Jr. Other 0%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. Other 100%
William Jefferson Other 88%
James Merrill Jeffords Other 50%
William Lewis Jenkins Other 0%
Christopher John Other 29%
Nancy Johnson Other 88%
Paul Kanjorski Other 63%
Sue Kelly Other 63%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. Other 100%
Patrick Kennedy Other 88%
Bob Kerrey Other 100%
Dale Kildee Other 63%
Carolyn Kilpatrick Other 100%
Gerald Kleczka Other 88%
Ronald Klink Other 63%
Joseph Knollenberg Other 0%
Herb Kohl Other 100%
James Kolbe Other 63%
Dennis Kucinich Other 75%
Jon Kyl Other 0%
John LaFalce Other 63%
Ray LaHood Other 13%
Nicholas Lampson Other 88%
Tom Lantos Other 100%
Stephen Largent Other 0%
Steve LaTourette Other 63%
Frank Lautenberg Other 100%
Rick Lazio Other 63%
James Leach Other 75%
Jerry Lewis Other 25%
Ron Lewis Other 0%
Joe Lieberman Other 100%
John Linder Other 0%
William Lipinski Other 38%
Robert Livingston Other 13%
Trent Lott, Sr. Other 0%
Dick Lugar Other 17%
William Luther Other 88%
Connie Mack Other 17%
James Maloney Other 88%
Don Manzullo Other 0%
Matthew Martinez Other 71%
Frank Mascara Other 38%
Robert Matsui Other 100%
Karen McCarthy Other 100%
Bill McCollum Other 0%
James McCrery III Other 0%
John McHugh Other 25%
Scott McInnis Other 0%
David McIntosh Other 0%
Cynthia Ann McKinney Other 100%
Michael McNulty Other 71%
Martin Meehan Other 100%
Carrie Meek Other 100%
Jack Metcalf Other 0%
Juanita Millender-McDonald Other 100%
Dan Miller Other 25%
David Minge Other 75%
Patsy Takemoto Mink Other 100%
John Moakley Other 80%
Alan Mollohan Other 25%
Constance Morella Other 100%
Patrick Moynihan Other 83%
Frank Murkowski Other 0%
Jack Murtha Other 50%
Sue Myrick Other 0%
George Nethercutt, Jr. Other 25%
Robert William Ney Other 13%
Don Nickles Other 0%
Anne Northup Other 13%
Charles Norwood, Jr. Other 0%
James Nussle Other 13%
Jim Oberstar Other 88%
Dave Obey Other 88%
John Olver Other 100%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. Other 29%
Major Owens Other 100%
Michael Oxley Other 25%
Ronald Packard Other 0%
Ron Paul Other 0%
Donald Payne Other 100%
Edward Pease Other 25%
John Peterson Other 14%
Charles Pickering, Jr. Other 0%
Owen Pickett Other 63%
Richard Pombo Other 0%
Earl Pomeroy Other 50%
John Edward Porter Other 63%
Deborah Pryce Other 29%
Jack Quinn Other 14%
George Radanovich Other 0%
James Ramstad Other 63%
Ralph Regula Other 25%
Silvestre Reyes Other 57%
Bob Riley Other 13%
Lynn Nancy Rivers Other 100%
Charles Robb Other 67%
Ciro Rodriguez Other 88%
Timothy Roemer Other 50%
James Rogan Other 13%
William Roth, Jr. Other 33%
Steve Rothman Other 100%
Marge Roukema Other 50%
Jim Ryun Other 13%
Martin Olav Sabo Other 100%
Max Sandlin, Jr. Other 50%
Rick Santorum Other 0%
Paul Sarbanes Other 100%
Jim Saxton Other 25%
Joe Scarborough Other 0%
John Shadegg Other 0%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. Other 25%
Christopher Shays Other 75%
E.G. Shuster Other 0%
Norman Sisisky Other 63%
Joseph Skeen Other 13%
Ike Skelton Other 25%
Gordon Smith Other 17%
Nick Smith Other 25%
Bob Smith Other 0%
Olympia Snowe Other 50%
Vic Snyder Other 100%
Mark Souder Other 13%
Arlen Specter Other 60%
Floyd Spence Other 0%
John Spratt, Jr. Other 75%
Pete Stark Other 100%
Cliff Stearns Other 0%
Charles Stenholm Other 25%
Ted Stevens Other 17%
Ted Strickland Other 63%
Bob Stump Other 13%
Bart Stupak Other 63%
John Sununu Other 0%
James Talent Other 13%
John Tanner Other 50%
Ellen Tauscher Other 100%
William Tauzin Other 0%
Charles Taylor Other 0%
Gene Taylor Other 38%
Craig Thomas Other 0%
William Thomas Other 25%
Fred Thompson Other 0%
Karen Thurman Other 100%
Strom Thurmond Other 0%
Todd Tiahrt Other 0%
Robert Torricelli Other 100%
Ed Towns Other 100%
James Traficant, Jr. Other 13%
James Turner Other 50%
Bruce Vento Other 100%
James Walsh Other 25%
Zach Wamp Other 0%
John Warner Other 33%
Wesley Watkins Other 13%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. Other 13%
David Weldon Other 13%
W. Curtis Weldon Other 38%
Gerald Weller Other 25%
Paul Wellstone Other 100%
Robert Wexler Other 100%
Bob Weygand Other 88%
Heather Wilson Other 14%
Bob Wise, Jr. Other 75%
Lynn Woolsey Other 100%
Albert Wynn Other 100%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.