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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: American Public Health Association

1998 Positions

State Office District Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 14%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 17%
AL U.S. Senate Jr Jeff Sessions III Republican 0%
AL U.S. House 4 Robert Aderholt Republican 13%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 13%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 33%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 0%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 100%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 100%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 13 Barbara Lee Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 24 Lois Capps Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 30 Brad Sherman Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 25%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 46 Loretta Sanchez Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 0%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 100%
CO U.S. House 1 Diana DeGette Democratic 100%
CO State Board of Education 4 Robert Schaffer Republican 0%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 0%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 0%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 25%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 0%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 13%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 50%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 100%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 0%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 100%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 33%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 100%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 13%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 13%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 88%
IL U.S. House 7 Danny Davis Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 15 John Shimkus Republican 13%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 50%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 0%
KS U.S. Senate Jr Jerry Moran Republican 13%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 17%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 0%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 0%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 0%
LA U.S. Senate Sr Mary Landrieu Democratic 83%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 88%
MA U.S. House 2 Jim McGovern Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 6 John Tierney Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 100%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 100%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 100%
ME U.S. Senate Sr Susan Collins Republican 50%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. Senate Jr Debbie Stabenow Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 0%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 50%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 75%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 100%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 25%
MO U.S. Senate Jr Roy Blunt Republican 0%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 13%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 100%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 83%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 83%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel Republican 17%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 100%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 4 David Price Democratic 100%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 7 Mike McIntyre Democratic 38%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 25%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 38%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. Democratic 75%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 50%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 67%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 0%
NY U.S. House 4 Carolyn McCarthy Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 5 Gregory Meeks Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 100%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 100%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 88%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 13%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 100%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 50%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 0%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 13%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 100%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 100%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 1 Bob Brady Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 50%
PA U.S. House 16 Joe Pitts Republican 0%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 100%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 0%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 13%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 100%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 83%
SD U.S. Senate Jr John Thune Republican 13%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 25%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 8 Kevin Brady Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 12 Kay Granger Republican 25%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 13%
TX U.S. House 15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. Democratic 86%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 100%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 86%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 100%
TX U.S. House 32 Pete Sessions Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 100%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 0%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 100%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 88%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 13%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 67%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 100%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 100%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 0%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 100%
WA U.S. House 9 Adam Smith Democratic 100%
WI U.S. House 3 Ron Kind Democratic 88%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 0%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 0%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 88%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 100%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 50%
WY U.S. Senate Sr Mike Enzi Republican 0%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 33%
Gary Ackerman 100%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 100%
Wayne Allard 0%
Thomas Allen 100%
Bill Archer 0%
Richard Armey 0%
John Ashcroft 0%
Richard Hugh Baker 13%
John Baldacci 100%
Cass Ballenger 0%
James Barcia 38%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
Bill Barrett 13%
Roscoe Bartlett 0%
Charlie Bass 25%
Herbert Bateman 0%
Bob Bennett 17%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 100%
Douglas Bereuter 25%
Howard Berman 100%
Marion Berry 63%
Brian Bilbray 75%
Michael Bilirakis 13%
Jeff Bingaman 100%
Rod Blagojevich 88%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
Sherwood Boehlert 100%
Kit Bond 33%
Henry Bonilla 25%
David Edward Bonior 88%
Mary Bono Mack 13%
Robert Borski, Jr. 88%
Leonard Boswell 50%
Rick Boucher 88%
Allen Boyd, Jr. 50%
John Breaux 50%
George Brown, Jr. 100%
Richard Bryan 83%
Ed Bryant 13%
Jim Bunning 13%
Conrad Burns 0%
Dan Burton 13%
Steve Buyer 0%
Robert Byrd 67%
Herbert Callahan 13%
Ben Campbell 17%
Thomas Campbell 88%
Chris Cannon 0%
Julia Carson 100%
Mike Castle 75%
John Chafee 67%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 13%
William Clay, Sr. 100%
Eva Clayton 100%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland 100%
Robert Clement 63%
Michael Collins 0%
Larry Combest 13%
Gary Condit 63%
Kent Conrad 50%
Merrill Cook 38%
John Cooksey 13%
Jerry Costello 50%
Paul Coverdell 17%
Christopher Cox 0%
William Coyne 100%
Larry Craig 0%
Robert Cramer 43%
Philip Crane 0%
Barbara Cubin 0%
Randall Cunningham 0%
Patsy Ann Danner 38%
Thomas Daschle 83%
James Davis 88%
Thomas Davis III 50%
Bill Delahunt 100%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Peter Deutsch 100%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 25%
Jay Dickey 13%
Norm Dicks 100%
Julian Dixon 100%
Chris Dodd 100%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 0%
Calvin Dooley 88%
John Doolittle 0%
Byron Dorgan 67%
David Dreier 0%
Jennifer Dunn 13%
Chet Edwards 100%
Vern Ehlers 38%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 25%
Jo Ann Emerson 0%
Philip English 0%
Bob Etheridge 63%
Lane Evans 100%
Terry Everett 13%
Thomas Ewing 25%
Russ Feingold 100%
Mark Foley 43%
Michael Patrick Forbes 50%
Harold Ford, Jr. 100%
Vito Fossella, Jr. 25%
Tillie Fowler 13%
Barney Frank 100%
Robert Franks 63%
William Frist 33%
Jonas Frost III 100%
Elton Gallegly 25%
John Ganske 75%
Sam Gejdenson 100%
George Gekas 0%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 88%
Jim Gibbons 13%
Wayne Gilchrest 63%
Paul Gillmor 13%
Benjamin Gilman 75%
Virgil Goode, Jr. 13%
William Goodling 0%
Bart Gordon 50%
Slade Gorton 17%
Porter Goss 13%
Daniel Graham 100%
William Phillip Gramm 0%
Rodney Grams 0%
James Greenwood 75%
Judd Gregg 17%
Gilbert Gutknecht 13%
Tony Hall 43%
James Hansen 14%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 13%
Joel Hefley 0%
Jesse Helms 0%
Wally Herger, Jr. 0%
Rick Hill 14%
Van Hilleary 0%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 100%
Maurice Hinchey 100%
David Lee Hobson 25%
Pete Hoekstra 0%
Thomas Holden 38%
Ernest Hollings 40%
Darlene Hooley 100%
Stephen Horn 88%
John Nathan Hostettler 0%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 38%
Kenny Hulshof 0%
Duncan Hunter 0%
Asa Hutchinson 13%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 0%
Kay Hutchison 17%
Henry Hyde 14%
Daniel Inouye 100%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 0%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 100%
William Jefferson 88%
James Merrill Jeffords 50%
William Lewis Jenkins 0%
Christopher John 29%
Nancy Johnson 88%
Paul Kanjorski 63%
Sue Kelly 63%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 100%
Patrick Kennedy 88%
Bob Kerrey 100%
Dale Kildee 63%
Carolyn Kilpatrick 100%
Gerald Kleczka 88%
Ronald Klink 63%
Joseph Knollenberg 0%
Herb Kohl 100%
James Kolbe 63%
Dennis Kucinich 75%
Jon Kyl 0%
John LaFalce 63%
Ray LaHood 13%
Nicholas Lampson 88%
Tom Lantos 100%
Stephen Largent 0%
Steve LaTourette 63%
Rick Lazio 63%
James Leach 75%
Jerry Lewis 25%
Ron Lewis 0%
Joe Lieberman 100%
John Linder 0%
William Lipinski 38%
Robert Livingston 13%
Trent Lott, Sr. 0%
Dick Lugar 17%
William Luther 88%
Connie Mack 17%
James Maloney 88%
Don Manzullo 0%
Matthew Martinez 71%
Frank Mascara 38%
Robert Matsui 100%
Karen McCarthy 100%
Bill McCollum 0%
James McCrery III 0%
John McHugh 25%
Scott McInnis 0%
David McIntosh 0%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 100%
Michael McNulty 71%
Martin Meehan 100%
Carrie Meek 100%
Jack Metcalf 0%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 100%
Dan Miller 25%
David Minge 75%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 100%
John Moakley 80%
Alan Mollohan 25%
Constance Morella 100%
Patrick Moynihan 83%
Frank Murkowski 0%
Jack Murtha 50%
Sue Myrick 0%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 25%
Robert William Ney 13%
Don Nickles 0%
Anne Northup 13%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
James Nussle 13%
Jim Oberstar 88%
Dave Obey 88%
John Olver 100%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 29%
Major Owens 100%
Michael Oxley 25%
Ronald Packard 0%
Ron Paul 0%
Donald Payne 100%
Edward Pease 25%
John Peterson 14%
Charles Pickering, Jr. 0%
Owen Pickett 63%
Richard Pombo 0%
Earl Pomeroy 50%
John Edward Porter 63%
Deborah Pryce 29%
Jack Quinn 14%
George Radanovich 0%
James Ramstad 63%
Ralph Regula 25%
Silvestre Reyes 57%
Bob Riley 13%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 100%
Charles Robb 67%
Ciro Rodriguez 88%
Timothy Roemer 50%
James Rogan 13%
William Roth, Jr. 33%
Steve Rothman 100%
Marge Roukema 50%
Jim Ryun 13%
Martin Olav Sabo 100%
Max Sandlin, Jr. 50%
Rick Santorum 0%
Paul Sarbanes 100%
Jim Saxton 25%
Joe Scarborough 0%
John Shadegg 0%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 25%
Christopher Shays 75%
E.G. Shuster 0%
Norman Sisisky 63%
Joseph Skeen 13%
Ike Skelton 25%
Gordon Smith 17%
Nick Smith 25%
Bob Smith 0%
Olympia Snowe 50%
Vic Snyder 100%
Mark Souder 13%
Arlen Specter 60%
Floyd Spence 0%
John Spratt, Jr. 75%
Pete Stark 100%
Cliff Stearns 0%
Charles Stenholm 25%
Ted Stevens 17%
Ted Strickland 63%
Bob Stump 13%
Bart Stupak 63%
John Sununu 0%
James Talent 13%
John Tanner 50%
Ellen Tauscher 100%
William Tauzin 0%
Charles Taylor 0%
Gene Taylor 38%
Craig Thomas 0%
William Thomas 25%
Fred Thompson 0%
Karen Thurman 100%
Strom Thurmond 0%
Todd Tiahrt 0%
Robert Torricelli 100%
Ed Towns 100%
James Traficant, Jr. 13%
James Turner 50%
Bruce Vento 100%
James Walsh 25%
Zach Wamp 0%
John Warner 33%
Wesley Watkins 13%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 13%
David Weldon 13%
W. Curtis Weldon 38%
Gerald Weller 25%
Paul Wellstone 100%
Robert Wexler 100%
Bob Weygand 88%
Heather Wilson 14%
Bob Wise, Jr. 75%
Lynn Woolsey 100%
Albert Wynn 100%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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