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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: American Public Health Association

1995 Positions

State Office District Name Party Rating
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 92%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 17%
Gary Ackerman 92%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 97%
Wayne Allard 4%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 58%
Bill Archer 4%
Richard Armey 4%
John Ashcroft 0%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 0%
Henry Scott Baesler 58%
Richard Hugh Baker 0%
William Baker 0%
John Baldacci 96%
Cass Ballenger 0%
James Barcia 58%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 92%
Bill Barrett 4%
Roscoe Bartlett 4%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 0%
Charlie Bass 21%
Herbert Bateman 0%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 62%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 92%
Anthony Beilenson 100%
Bob Bennett 10%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 83%
Douglas Bereuter 25%
Howard Berman 88%
Tom Bevill 42%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 86%
Brian Bilbray 29%
Michael Bilirakis 4%
Jeff Bingaman 86%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 79%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
Peter Blute 21%
Sherwood Boehlert 63%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
Kit Bond 7%
Henry Bonilla 0%
David Edward Bonior 88%
Sonny Bono 4%
Robert Borski, Jr. 92%
Rick Boucher 79%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 100%
Bill Bradley 100%
John Breaux 55%
Bill Brewster 29%
Glen Browder 38%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 92%
George Brown, Jr. 88%
Hank Brown 3%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 100%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 4%
Richard Bryan 83%
Ed Bryant 4%
John Bryant 92%
Dale Bumpers 90%
Jim Bunn 21%
Jim Bunning 0%
Conrad Burns 3%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 4%
Dan Burton 0%
Steve Buyer 4%
Robert Byrd 83%
Herbert Callahan 0%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 0%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 4%
Ben Campbell 21%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 21%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 96%
Mike Castle 38%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 0%
John Chafee 52%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 0%
Jim Chapman 46%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 0%
Jon Lynn Christensen 0%
Dick Chrysler 0%
William Clay, Sr. 96%
Eva Clayton 92%
Robert Clement 67%
William Clinger 8%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 96%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 3%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 13%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 3%
William Cohen 66%
Ronald Coleman 92%
Barbara-Rose Collins 79%
Cardiss Collins 92%
Michael Collins 0%
Larry Combest 0%
Gary Condit 29%
Kent Conrad 83%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 92%
Wes Cooley 0%
Jerry Costello 67%
Paul Coverdell 7%
Christopher Cox 4%
William Coyne 100%
Larry Craig 0%
Robert Cramer 33%
Philip Crane 0%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 4%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 4%
Barbara Cubin 0%
Randall Cunningham 13%
Alfonse D'Amato 14%
Patsy Ann Danner 58%
Thomas Daschle 86%
Thomas Davis III 29%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 8%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 92%
E. Kika de la Garza 54%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 100%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Ronald Dellums 96%
Peter Deutsch 67%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 17%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 21%
Jay Dickey 0%
Norm Dicks 96%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 96%
Julian Dixon 96%
Chris Dodd 93%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 96%
Robert Dole 0%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 14%
Calvin Dooley 54%
John Doolittle 0%
Byron Dorgan 83%
Robert Dornan 4%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 71%
David Dreier 0%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 0%
Jennifer Dunn 17%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 100%
Chet Edwards 58%
Vern Ehlers 25%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 21%
Bill Emerson 0%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 100%
Philip English 21%
John Ensign 13%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 100%
Lane Evans 100%
Terry Everett 0%
Thomas Ewing 4%
Jim Exon 72%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 3%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 92%
Harris Fawell 29%
Victor Fazio 75%
Russ Feingold 90%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 97%
Cleo Fields 88%
Jack Fields, Jr. 0%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 79%
Floyd Flake 83%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 13%
Thomas Foglietta 100%
Mark Foley 17%
Michael Patrick Forbes 25%
Harold Ford, Sr. 96%
Wendell Ford 83%
Tillie Fowler 25%
Jon David Fox 21%
Barney Frank 92%
Gary Franks 29%
Robert Franks 25%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 25%
Dan Frisa 4%
William Frist 7%
Jonas Frost III 75%
David Funderburk 4%
Elizabeth Furse 96%
Elton Gallegly 4%
John Ganske 13%
Sam Gejdenson 96%
George Gekas 8%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 88%
Pete Geren 17%
Sam Gibbons 88%
Wayne Gilchrest 50%
Paul Gillmor 13%
Benjamin Gilman 50%
Newt Gingrich 0%
John Glenn 93%
Henry Gonzalez 75%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
William Goodling 17%
Bart Gordon 67%
Slade Gorton 24%
Porter Goss 8%
Daniel Graham 90%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 4%
William Phillip Gramm 3%
Rodney Grams 0%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 3%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 83%
Enid Greene 13%
James Greenwood 33%
Judd Gregg 7%
Steven Gunderson 21%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 92%
Gilbert Gutknecht 4%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 8%
Tony Hall 79%
Lee Hamilton 67%
Melton Hancock 0%
James Hansen 8%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 93%
Jane Harman 75%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 96%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 0%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 17%
Mark Hatfield 38%
James Hayes 25%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 8%
Joel Hefley 4%
W.G. Hefner 75%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 8%
Jesse Helms 3%
Wally Herger, Jr. 4%
Van Hilleary 8%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 83%
Maurice Hinchey 100%
David Lee Hobson 17%
Pete Hoekstra 8%
Martin Hoke 13%
Thomas Holden 54%
Ernest Hollings 76%
Stephen Horn 46%
John Nathan Hostettler 0%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 21%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 88%
Duncan Hunter 0%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 4%
Kay Hutchison 3%
Henry Hyde 8%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 4%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
Daniel Inouye 86%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 0%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 100%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 83%
William Jefferson 88%
James Merrill Jeffords 59%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 88%
Nancy Johnson 29%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 0%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 83%
Harry Johnston 96%
J. Bennett Johnston 69%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 4%
Paul Kanjorski 83%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 83%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 8%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 24%
Sue Kelly 33%
Dirk Kempthorne 0%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 100%
Joseph Kennedy II 88%
Patrick Kennedy 96%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 88%
Bob Kerrey 76%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 97%
Dale Kildee 83%
Jay Kim 4%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 13%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 8%
Gerald Kleczka 79%
Ronald Klink 79%
Scott Klug 25%
Joseph Knollenberg 0%
Herb Kohl 86%
James Kolbe 17%
Jon Kyl 0%
John LaFalce 83%
Ray LaHood 21%
Tom Lantos 96%
Stephen Largent 4%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 0%
Steve LaTourette 25%
Greg Laughlin 4%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 100%
Rick Lazio 38%
James Leach 42%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 93%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 96%
Jerry Lewis 4%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 92%
Ron Lewis 0%
Joe Lieberman 93%
Jim Lightfoot 4%
Blanche Lincoln 54%
John Linder 0%
William Lipinski 58%
Robert Livingston 4%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 38%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 96%
James Longley, Jr. 21%
Trent Lott, Sr. 0%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 100%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 0%
Dick Lugar 14%
William Luther 96%
Connie Mack 7%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 100%
Thomas Manton 75%
Don Manzullo 4%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 100%
Matthew Martinez 92%
Bill Martini 33%
Frank Mascara 75%
Robert Matsui 96%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 3%
Karen McCarthy 83%
Bill McCollum 8%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 7%
James McCrery III 0%
Joseph McDade 4%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 96%
Paul McHale 96%
John McHugh 8%
Scott McInnis 13%
David McIntosh 0%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 4%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 96%
Michael McNulty 75%
Martin Meehan 96%
Carrie Meek 50%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 100%
Jack Metcalf 13%
Jan Meyers 21%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 0%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 93%
Dan Miller 4%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 100%
David Minge 71%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 96%
John Moakley 54%
Susan Molinari 25%
Alan Mollohan 58%
G.V. Montgomery 17%
Carlos Moorhead 4%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 92%
Constance Morella 67%
Carol Moseley Braun 93%
Patrick Moynihan 83%
Frank Murkowski 7%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 100%
Jack Murtha 75%
John Myers 0%
Sue Myrick 4%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 83%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 4%
Mark Neumann 4%
Robert William Ney 4%
Don Nickles 3%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
Sam Nunn 45%
James Nussle 4%
Jim Oberstar 83%
Dave Obey 88%
John Olver 96%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 46%
Bill Orton 58%
Major Owens 100%
Michael Oxley 0%
Ronald Packard 4%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 100%
Mike Parker 13%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 96%
William Paxon 0%
Donald Payne 100%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 58%
Claiborne Pell 97%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 96%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 33%
Pete Peterson 58%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 13%
Owen Pickett 38%
Richard Pombo 0%
Earl Pomeroy 75%
John Edward Porter 38%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 17%
Glenn Poshard 58%
Larry Pressler 0%
Deborah Pryce 25%
David Pryor 90%
James Quillen 4%
Jack Quinn 17%
George Radanovich 0%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 75%
James Ramstad 33%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 100%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 100%
Ralph Regula 17%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 86%
Bill Richardson 96%
Frank Duncan Riggs 13%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 96%
Charles Robb 86%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 0%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 93%
Timothy Roemer 58%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 4%
Charles Rose III 67%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 21%
Toby Roth 4%
William Roth, Jr. 14%
Marge Roukema 46%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 8%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 92%
Martin Olav Sabo 88%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 4%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 96%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 13%
Rick Santorum 7%
Paul Sarbanes 97%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 96%
Jim Saxton 25%
Joe Scarborough 8%
Daniel Schaefer 0%
Steven Schiff 25%
Patricia Schroeder 92%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 96%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 96%
Andrea Seastrand 4%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 4%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 88%
John Shadegg 0%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 13%
Christopher Shays 42%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 3%
E.G. Shuster 8%
Paul Simon 97%
Alan Simpson 21%
Norman Sisisky 38%
David Skaggs 88%
Joseph Skeen 0%
Ike Skelton 29%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 29%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 4%
Linda Smith 8%
Nick Smith 8%
Bob Smith 0%
Olympia Snowe 55%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 0%
Mark Souder 4%
Arlen Specter 62%
Floyd Spence 4%
John Spratt, Jr. 83%
Pete Stark 88%
Cliff Stearns 4%
Charles Stenholm 33%
Ted Stevens 17%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 4%
Louis Stokes 100%
Gerry Studds 100%
Bob Stump 0%
Bart Stupak 67%
James Talent 4%
John Tanner 46%
Randy Tate 13%
William Tauzin 13%
Charles Taylor 0%
Gene Taylor 42%
Frank Tejeda 38%
Craig Thomas 3%
William Thomas 13%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 96%
Fred Thompson 7%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 0%
Ray Thornton 75%
Karen Thurman 50%
Strom Thurmond 7%
Todd Tiahrt 0%
Peter Torkildsen 50%
Esteban Edward Torres 96%
Robert Torricelli 92%
Ed Towns 79%
James Traficant, Jr. 63%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 29%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 96%
Bruce Vento 100%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 100%
Harold Volkmer 50%
Barbara Vucanovich 0%
Robert Walker 0%
James Walsh 4%
Zach Wamp 8%
Michael Ward 88%
John Warner 7%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 92%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 88%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 0%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 100%
David Weldon 13%
W. Curtis Weldon 17%
Gerald Weller 4%
Paul Wellstone 97%
Rick White 25%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 4%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
Pat Williams 75%
Charles Wilson 63%
Bob Wise, Jr. 92%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 21%
Lynn Woolsey 100%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 96%
Albert Wynn 96%
Sidney Yates 88%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 13%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 0%
Bill Zeliff 13%
Richard Zimmer 46%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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