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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: American Public Health Association

1997 Positions

State Office District Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 0%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 22%
AL U.S. Senate Jr Jeff Sessions III Republican 0%
AL U.S. House 4 Robert Aderholt Republican 0%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 14%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 33%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 29%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 100%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 100%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 86%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 86%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 30 Brad Sherman Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 14%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 14%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 46 Loretta Sanchez Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 0%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 100%
CO U.S. House 1 Diana DeGette Democratic 100%
CO State Board of Education 4 Robert Schaffer Republican 0%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 0%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 43%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 86%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 43%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 14%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 71%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 86%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 0%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 100%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 11%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 89%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 0%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 14%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 86%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 7 Danny Davis Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 15 John Shimkus Republican 29%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 11%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 57%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 11%
KS U.S. Senate Jr Jerry Moran Republican 14%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 0%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 11%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 0%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 0%
LA U.S. Senate Sr Mary Landrieu Democratic 56%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 71%
MA U.S. House 2 Jim McGovern Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 6 John Tierney Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 100%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 100%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 100%
ME U.S. Senate Sr Susan Collins Republican 56%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. Senate Jr Debbie Stabenow Democratic 86%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 14%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 43%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 57%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 100%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 29%
MO U.S. Senate Jr Roy Blunt Republican 0%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 11%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 86%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 78%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 67%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel Republican 11%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 100%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 4 David Price Democratic 86%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 7 Mike McIntyre Democratic 14%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Bob Menendez Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 43%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 29%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. Democratic 71%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 71%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 89%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 29%
NY U.S. House 4 Carolyn McCarthy Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 71%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 86%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 71%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 71%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 100%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 100%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 14%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 29%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 71%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 14%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 100%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 33%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 0%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 0%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 89%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 100%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 43%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 100%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 0%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 0%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 86%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 89%
SD U.S. Senate Jr John Thune Republican 14%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 14%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 14%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 14%
TX U.S. House 8 Kevin Brady Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 12 Kay Granger Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 14%
TX U.S. House 15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. Democratic 57%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 86%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 14%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 86%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 100%
TX U.S. House 32 Pete Sessions Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 100%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 22%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 100%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 86%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 14%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 89%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 100%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 100%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 0%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 100%
WA U.S. House 9 Adam Smith Democratic 100%
WI U.S. House 3 Ron Kind Democratic 86%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 14%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 29%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 86%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 89%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 57%
WY U.S. Senate Sr Mike Enzi Republican 11%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 33%
Gary Ackerman 100%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 89%
Wayne Allard 11%
Thomas Allen 100%
Bill Archer 0%
Richard Armey 0%
John Ashcroft 0%
Henry Scott Baesler 43%
Richard Hugh Baker 0%
John Baldacci 100%
Cass Ballenger 0%
James Barcia 14%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
Bill Barrett 14%
Roscoe Bartlett 0%
Charlie Bass 57%
Herbert Bateman 14%
Bob Bennett 11%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 86%
Douglas Bereuter 43%
Howard Berman 100%
Marion Berry 71%
Brian Bilbray 29%
Michael Bilirakis 29%
Jeff Bingaman 100%
Rod Blagojevich 100%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
Sherwood Boehlert 86%
Kit Bond 22%
Henry Bonilla 0%
David Edward Bonior 86%
Sonny Bono 0%
Robert Borski, Jr. 71%
Leonard Boswell 57%
Rick Boucher 86%
Allen Boyd, Jr. 43%
John Breaux 44%
George Brown, Jr. 100%
Richard Bryan 67%
Ed Bryant 14%
Dale Bumpers 89%
Jim Bunning 0%
Conrad Burns 0%
Dan Burton 0%
Steve Buyer 14%
Robert Byrd 67%
Herbert Callahan 0%
Ben Campbell 33%
Thomas Campbell 100%
Chris Cannon 14%
Julia Carson 57%
Mike Castle 71%
John Chafee 67%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 0%
Jon Lynn Christensen 14%
William Clay, Sr. 71%
Eva Clayton 100%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland 78%
Robert Clement 71%
Michael Collins 0%
Larry Combest 0%
Gary Condit 57%
Kent Conrad 78%
Merrill Cook 14%
John Cooksey 14%
Jerry Costello 43%
Paul Coverdell 11%
Christopher Cox 0%
William Coyne 100%
Larry Craig 11%
Robert Cramer 57%
Philip Crane 0%
Barbara Cubin 0%
Randall Cunningham 0%
Alfonse D'Amato 33%
Patsy Ann Danner 57%
Thomas Daschle 89%
James Davis 71%
Thomas Davis III 71%
Bill Delahunt 100%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Ronald Dellums 57%
Peter Deutsch 100%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 43%
Jay Dickey 14%
Norm Dicks 100%
Julian Dixon 86%
Chris Dodd 89%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 11%
Calvin Dooley 100%
John Doolittle 0%
Byron Dorgan 89%
David Dreier 0%
Jennifer Dunn 14%
Chet Edwards 71%
Vern Ehlers 29%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 43%
Jo Ann Emerson 14%
Philip English 29%
John Ensign 29%
Bob Etheridge 43%
Lane Evans 100%
Terry Everett 0%
Thomas Ewing 29%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 0%
Harris Fawell 71%
Victor Fazio 86%
Russ Feingold 89%
Thomas Foglietta 86%
Mark Foley 57%
Michael Patrick Forbes 29%
Harold Ford, Jr. 86%
Wendell Ford 56%
Tillie Fowler 43%
Jon David Fox 57%
Barney Frank 100%
Robert Franks 71%
William Frist 11%
Jonas Frost III 86%
Elizabeth Furse 100%
Elton Gallegly 0%
John Ganske 57%
Sam Gejdenson 100%
George Gekas 43%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 71%
Jim Gibbons 57%
Wayne Gilchrest 57%
Paul Gillmor 14%
Benjamin Gilman 86%
Newt Gingrich 0%
John Glenn 89%
Henry Gonzalez 14%
Virgil Goode, Jr. 0%
William Goodling 29%
Bart Gordon 57%
Slade Gorton 22%
Porter Goss 14%
Daniel Graham 78%
William Phillip Gramm 0%
Rodney Grams 0%
James Greenwood 86%
Judd Gregg 44%
Gilbert Gutknecht 14%
Tony Hall 43%
Lee Hamilton 57%
James Hansen 14%
Jane Harman 100%
J. Dennis Hastert 14%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 14%
Joel Hefley 0%
W.G. Hefner 57%
Jesse Helms 0%
Wally Herger, Jr. 0%
Rick Hill 14%
Van Hilleary 0%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 57%
Maurice Hinchey 100%
David Lee Hobson 43%
Pete Hoekstra 14%
Thomas Holden 29%
Ernest Hollings 78%
Darlene Hooley 86%
Stephen Horn 100%
John Nathan Hostettler 0%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 71%
Kenny Hulshof 14%
Duncan Hunter 0%
Asa Hutchinson 14%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 0%
Kay Hutchison 22%
Henry Hyde 14%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 0%
Daniel Inouye 78%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 14%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 100%
William Jefferson 57%
James Merrill Jeffords 67%
William Lewis Jenkins 0%
Christopher John 43%
Jay Johnson 71%
Nancy Johnson 100%
Paul Kanjorski 86%
Sue Kelly 71%
Dirk Kempthorne 11%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 89%
Joseph Kennedy II 100%
Patrick Kennedy 71%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 100%
Bob Kerrey 78%
Dale Kildee 43%
Carolyn Kilpatrick 100%
Jay Kim 14%
Gerald Kleczka 71%
Ronald Klink 57%
Scott Klug 43%
Joseph Knollenberg 0%
Herb Kohl 78%
James Kolbe 71%
Dennis Kucinich 71%
Jon Kyl 11%
John LaFalce 43%
Ray LaHood 29%
Nicholas Lampson 86%
Tom Lantos 86%
Stephen Largent 0%
Steve LaTourette 43%
Frank Lautenberg 89%
Rick Lazio 57%
James Leach 71%
Jerry Lewis 43%
Ron Lewis 0%
Joe Lieberman 89%
John Linder 14%
William Lipinski 43%
Robert Livingston 14%
Trent Lott, Sr. 11%
Dick Lugar 33%
William Luther 86%
Connie Mack 11%
James Maloney 86%
Thomas Manton 71%
Don Manzullo 14%
Matthew Martinez 86%
Frank Mascara 57%
Robert Matsui 100%
Karen McCarthy 71%
Bill McCollum 0%
James McCrery III 29%
Joseph McDade 29%
Paul McHale 86%
John McHugh 29%
Scott McInnis 0%
David McIntosh 0%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 100%
Michael McNulty 71%
Martin Meehan 100%
Carrie Meek 86%
Jack Metcalf 29%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 100%
Dan Miller 57%
David Minge 57%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 100%
John Moakley 86%
Alan Mollohan 29%
Constance Morella 100%
Carol Moseley Braun 78%
Patrick Moynihan 56%
Frank Murkowski 11%
Jack Murtha 29%
Sue Myrick 0%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 0%
Mark Neumann 14%
Robert William Ney 43%
Don Nickles 11%
Anne Northup 14%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
James Nussle 14%
Jim Oberstar 43%
Dave Obey 71%
John Olver 100%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 43%
Major Owens 100%
Michael Oxley 29%
Ronald Packard 0%
Michael Pappas 43%
Mike Parker 0%
Ron Paul 0%
William Paxon 0%
Donald Payne 71%
Edward Pease 14%
John Peterson 14%
Charles Pickering, Jr. 0%
Owen Pickett 71%
Richard Pombo 0%
Earl Pomeroy 71%
John Edward Porter 71%
Glenn Poshard 43%
Deborah Pryce 43%
Jack Quinn 29%
George Radanovich 0%
James Ramstad 57%
Bill Redmond 0%
Ralph Regula 57%
Silvestre Reyes 71%
Frank Duncan Riggs 43%
Bob Riley 0%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 100%
Charles Robb 67%
Ciro Rodriguez 83%
Timothy Roemer 57%
James Rogan 0%
William Roth, Jr. 33%
Steve Rothman 100%
Marge Roukema 71%
Jim Ryun 0%
Martin Olav Sabo 100%
Max Sandlin, Jr. 57%
Rick Santorum 22%
Paul Sarbanes 100%
Jim Saxton 43%
Joe Scarborough 0%
Daniel Schaefer 0%
Steven Schiff 14%
John Shadegg 0%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 29%
Christopher Shays 86%
E.G. Shuster 14%
Norman Sisisky 57%
David Skaggs 100%
Joseph Skeen 14%
Ike Skelton 29%
Gordon Smith 33%
Linda Smith 0%
Nick Smith 29%
Robert Smith 0%
Bob Smith 0%
Vincent Snowbarger 0%
Olympia Snowe 44%
Vic Snyder 86%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 0%
Mark Souder 0%
Arlen Specter 67%
Floyd Spence 0%
John Spratt, Jr. 57%
Pete Stark 86%
Cliff Stearns 0%
Charles Stenholm 14%
Ted Stevens 22%
Louis Stokes 100%
Ted Strickland 71%
Bob Stump 0%
Bart Stupak 57%
John Sununu 29%
James Talent 14%
John Tanner 43%
Ellen Tauscher 100%
William Tauzin 29%
Charles Taylor 0%
Gene Taylor 14%
Craig Thomas 11%
William Thomas 43%
Fred Thompson 11%
Karen Thurman 100%
Strom Thurmond 0%
Todd Tiahrt 14%
Esteban Edward Torres 100%
Robert Torricelli 100%
Ed Towns 57%
James Traficant, Jr. 43%
James Turner 57%
Bruce Vento 100%
James Walsh 14%
Zach Wamp 14%
John Warner 22%
Wesley Watkins 0%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 0%
David Weldon 0%
W. Curtis Weldon 43%
Gerald Weller 0%
Paul Wellstone 100%
Robert Wexler 100%
Bob Weygand 57%
Rick White 0%
Bob Wise, Jr. 86%
Lynn Woolsey 100%
Albert Wynn 100%
Sidney Yates 100%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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