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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: National Taxpayers Union

1995 Spending Score

State Office District Name Party Rating
Edmond Spencer Abraham 89%
Gary Ackerman 19%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 10%
Wayne Allard 87%
Bill Archer 85%
Richard Armey 84%
John Ashcroft 89%
Henry Scott Baesler 42%
Richard Hugh Baker 81%
William Baker 84%
John Baldacci 24%
Cass Ballenger 83%
James Barcia 38%
Robert Barr, Jr. 83%
Bill Barrett 81%
Roscoe Bartlett 84%
Charlie Bass 86%
Herbert Bateman 79%
Anthony Beilenson 24%
Bob Bennett 85%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 25%
Douglas Bereuter 80%
Howard Berman 26%
Tom Bevill 36%
Brian Bilbray 82%
Michael Bilirakis 81%
Jeff Bingaman 25%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 81%
Peter Blute 83%
Sherwood Boehlert 72%
Kit Bond 83%
Henry Bonilla 80%
David Edward Bonior 18%
Sonny Bono 84%
Robert Borski, Jr. 23%
Rick Boucher 23%
Bill Bradley 20%
John Breaux 18%
Bill Brewster 53%
Glen Browder 39%
George Brown, Jr. 21%
Hank Brown 93%
Richard Bryan 31%
Ed Bryant 86%
John Bryant 35%
Dale Bumpers 16%
Jim Bunn 74%
Jim Bunning 82%
Conrad Burns 85%
Dan Burton 85%
Steve Buyer 81%
Robert Byrd 22%
Herbert Callahan 80%
Ben Campbell 81%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 80%
Mike Castle 81%
John Chafee 82%
Jim Chapman 42%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 85%
Jon Lynn Christensen 89%
Dick Chrysler 87%
William Clay, Sr. 16%
Eva Clayton 14%
Robert Clement 42%
William Clinger 78%
William Cohen 73%
Ronald Coleman 17%
Barbara-Rose Collins 16%
Cardiss Collins 21%
Michael Collins 84%
Larry Combest 83%
Gary Condit 62%
Kent Conrad 21%
Wes Cooley 88%
Jerry Costello 36%
Paul Coverdell 88%
Christopher Cox 87%
William Coyne 21%
Larry Craig 87%
Robert Cramer 43%
Philip Crane 88%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 85%
Barbara Cubin 83%
Randall Cunningham 84%
Alfonse D'Amato 85%
Patsy Ann Danner 47%
Thomas Daschle 17%
Thomas Davis III 77%
E. Kika de la Garza 24%
Thomas DeLay 83%
Ronald Dellums 20%
Peter Deutsch 44%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 76%
Jay Dickey 84%
Norm Dicks 18%
Julian Dixon 9%
Chris Dodd 18%
Robert Dole 88%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 85%
Calvin Dooley 40%
John Doolittle 84%
Byron Dorgan 18%
Robert Dornan 83%
David Dreier 85%
Jennifer Dunn 83%
Chet Edwards 36%
Vern Ehlers 85%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 82%
Bill Emerson 80%
Philip English 84%
John Ensign 88%
Lane Evans 23%
Terry Everett 80%
Thomas Ewing 83%
Jim Exon 40%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 89%
Harris Fawell 84%
Victor Fazio 13%
Russ Feingold 24%
Cleo Fields 26%
Jack Fields, Jr. 84%
Floyd Flake 17%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 79%
Thomas Foglietta 25%
Mark Foley 86%
Michael Patrick Forbes 84%
Harold Ford, Sr. 23%
Wendell Ford 15%
Tillie Fowler 81%
Jon David Fox 84%
Barney Frank 19%
Gary Franks 80%
Robert Franks 87%
Dan Frisa 84%
William Frist 86%
Jonas Frost III 22%
David Funderburk 86%
Elizabeth Furse 27%
Elton Gallegly 83%
John Ganske 87%
Sam Gejdenson 18%
George Gekas 82%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 21%
Pete Geren 71%
Sam Gibbons 27%
Wayne Gilchrest 80%
Paul Gillmor 82%
Benjamin Gilman 79%
Newt Gingrich 98%
John Glenn 18%
Henry Gonzalez 15%
William Goodling 85%
Bart Gordon 47%
Slade Gorton 83%
Porter Goss 84%
Daniel Graham 29%
William Phillip Gramm 90%
Rodney Grams 90%
Enid Greene 86%
James Greenwood 83%
Judd Gregg 89%
Steven Gunderson 83%
Gilbert Gutknecht 89%
Tony Hall 21%
Lee Hamilton 31%
Melton Hancock 87%
James Hansen 83%
Jane Harman 38%
J. Dennis Hastert 82%
Mark Hatfield 80%
James Hayes 59%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 85%
Joel Hefley 83%
W.G. Hefner 29%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 83%
Jesse Helms 88%
Wally Herger, Jr. 82%
Van Hilleary 87%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 22%
Maurice Hinchey 17%
David Lee Hobson 83%
Pete Hoekstra 92%
Martin Hoke 84%
Thomas Holden 30%
Ernest Hollings 23%
Stephen Horn 81%
John Nathan Hostettler 77%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 75%
Duncan Hunter 80%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 85%
Kay Hutchison 87%
Henry Hyde 82%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 87%
Daniel Inouye 11%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 88%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 43%
William Jefferson 16%
James Merrill Jeffords 74%
Nancy Johnson 77%
Harry Johnston 32%
J. Bennett Johnston 14%
Paul Kanjorski 33%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 83%
Sue Kelly 80%
Dirk Kempthorne 87%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 16%
Joseph Kennedy II 36%
Patrick Kennedy 24%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 22%
Bob Kerrey 35%
Dale Kildee 31%
Jay Kim 82%
Gerald Kleczka 42%
Ronald Klink 34%
Scott Klug 91%
Joseph Knollenberg 80%
Herb Kohl 35%
James Kolbe 82%
Jon Kyl 90%
John LaFalce 29%
Ray LaHood 77%
Tom Lantos 25%
Stephen Largent 89%
Steve LaTourette 78%
Greg Laughlin 73%
Rick Lazio 82%
James Leach 82%
Jerry Lewis 79%
Ron Lewis 81%
Joe Lieberman 22%
Jim Lightfoot 78%
Blanche Lincoln 50%
John Linder 83%
William Lipinski 43%
Robert Livingston 79%
James Longley, Jr. 83%
Trent Lott, Sr. 88%
Dick Lugar 87%
William Luther 45%
Connie Mack 88%
Thomas Manton 23%
Don Manzullo 86%
Matthew Martinez 16%
Bill Martini 87%
Frank Mascara 31%
Robert Matsui 21%
Karen McCarthy 38%
Bill McCollum 78%
James McCrery III 81%
Joseph McDade 79%
Paul McHale 36%
John McHugh 79%
Scott McInnis 88%
David McIntosh 85%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 16%
Michael McNulty 38%
Martin Meehan 42%
Carrie Meek 10%
Jack Metcalf 85%
Jan Meyers 83%
Dan Miller 84%
David Minge 51%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 19%
John Moakley 23%
Susan Molinari 82%
Alan Mollohan 22%
G.V. Montgomery 65%
Carlos Moorhead 84%
Constance Morella 72%
Carol Moseley Braun 27%
Patrick Moynihan 17%
Frank Murkowski 85%
Jack Murtha 22%
John Myers 77%
Sue Myrick 85%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 82%
Mark Neumann 86%
Robert William Ney 84%
Don Nickles 90%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 86%
Sam Nunn 39%
James Nussle 86%
Jim Oberstar 24%
Dave Obey 28%
John Olver 20%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 25%
Bill Orton 46%
Major Owens 20%
Michael Oxley 82%
Ronald Packard 81%
Mike Parker 80%
William Paxon 85%
Donald Payne 18%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 39%
Claiborne Pell 20%
Pete Peterson 33%
Owen Pickett 36%
Richard Pombo 82%
Earl Pomeroy 24%
John Edward Porter 83%
Glenn Poshard 44%
Larry Pressler 85%
Deborah Pryce 83%
David Pryor 15%
James Quillen 83%
Jack Quinn 80%
George Radanovich 84%
James Ramstad 93%
Ralph Regula 83%
Bill Richardson 20%
Frank Duncan Riggs 85%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 30%
Charles Robb 35%
Timothy Roemer 48%
Charles Rose III 34%
Toby Roth 91%
William Roth, Jr. 91%
Marge Roukema 82%
Martin Olav Sabo 23%
Rick Santorum 86%
Paul Sarbanes 14%
Jim Saxton 75%
Joe Scarborough 81%
Daniel Schaefer 85%
Steven Schiff 79%
Patricia Schroeder 22%
Andrea Seastrand 85%
John Shadegg 85%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 82%
Christopher Shays 90%
E.G. Shuster 82%
Paul Simon 35%
Alan Simpson 86%
Norman Sisisky 41%
David Skaggs 27%
Joseph Skeen 80%
Ike Skelton 45%
Linda Smith 89%
Nick Smith 90%
Bob Smith 89%
Olympia Snowe 80%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 86%
Mark Souder 82%
Arlen Specter 68%
Floyd Spence 82%
John Spratt, Jr. 33%
Pete Stark 19%
Cliff Stearns 82%
Charles Stenholm 44%
Ted Stevens 84%
Louis Stokes 17%
Gerry Studds 26%
Bob Stump 84%
Bart Stupak 34%
James Talent 84%
John Tanner 45%
Randy Tate 85%
William Tauzin 79%
Charles Taylor 83%
Gene Taylor 60%
Frank Tejeda 24%
Craig Thomas 88%
William Thomas 81%
Fred Thompson 88%
Ray Thornton 21%
Karen Thurman 28%
Strom Thurmond 87%
Todd Tiahrt 85%
Peter Torkildsen 75%
Esteban Edward Torres 17%
Robert Torricelli 31%
Ed Towns 16%
James Traficant, Jr. 34%
Bruce Vento 24%
Harold Volkmer 36%
Barbara Vucanovich 79%
Robert Walker 84%
James Walsh 78%
Zach Wamp 87%
Michael Ward 28%
John Warner 86%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 83%
David Weldon 83%
W. Curtis Weldon 82%
Gerald Weller 83%
Paul Wellstone 19%
Rick White 85%
Pat Williams 24%
Charles Wilson 33%
Bob Wise, Jr. 20%
Lynn Woolsey 20%
Albert Wynn 17%
Sidney Yates 19%
Bill Zeliff 86%
Richard Zimmer 89%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 14%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 51%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 35%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 40%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 18%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 30%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 17%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 14%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 13%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 44%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 31%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 17%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 18%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 41%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 23%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 18%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 33%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 37%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 25%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 17%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 20%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 20%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 26%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 28%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 20%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 23%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 25%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 11%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 27%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 15%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 12%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 38%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 32%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 21%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 18%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 13%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 16%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 29%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 18%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 22%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 28%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 24%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 25%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 24%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 29%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 17%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 22%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 24%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 16%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 20%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 25%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 42%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 23%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 25%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 21%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 30%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 32%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 18%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 26%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 24%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 29%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 11%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 25%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 28%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 17%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 19%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 41%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 19%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 19%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 28%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 36%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 58%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 25%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 84%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 84%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 83%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 87%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 83%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 80%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 88%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 92%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 82%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 90%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 88%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 88%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 85%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 85%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 77%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 86%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 89%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 80%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 87%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 83%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 90%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 66%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 83%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 86%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 89%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 85%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 84%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 87%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 82%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 87%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 84%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 81%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 80%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 88%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 86%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 81%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 83%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 91%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 86%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 82%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 79%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 87%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 78%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 89%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 86%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 92%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 93%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 86%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 71%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 80%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 85%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 85%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 90%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 80%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 81%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 80%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 81%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 80%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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