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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: Communications Workers of America

1996 Positions on Workplace Rights

Issues: Labor Unions
State Office District Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 44%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 75%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 88%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 56%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 33%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 25%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 13%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 44%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 44%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 25%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 33%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 33%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 56%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 44%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 29%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 44%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 33%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 56%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 50%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 56%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 33%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 44%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 33%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 56%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 60%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 44%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 38%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 44%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 56%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 63%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 67%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 44%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 56%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 44%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 88%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 25%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 56%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 56%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 56%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 33%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 44%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 71%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 56%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 56%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 56%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 75%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 56%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 56%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 38%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 44%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 25%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 56%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 43%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 43%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 25%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 56%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 56%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 44%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 44%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 33%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 56%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 80%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 56%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 50%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 38%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 25%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 25%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 67%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 67%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 67%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 33%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 13%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 44%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 44%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 56%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 38%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 56%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 44%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 38%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 25%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 33%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 44%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 44%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 44%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 44%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 44%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 44%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 44%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 44%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 56%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 56%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 44%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 44%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 63%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 88%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 67%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 56%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 25%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 33%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 56%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 25%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 44%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 44%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 56%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 44%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 44%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 44%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 56%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 44%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 56%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 56%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 56%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 38%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 50%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 38%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 38%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 56%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 12%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 88%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 33%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 44%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 44%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 67%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 14%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 44%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 13%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 50%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 33%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 44%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 56%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 33%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 38%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 56%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 63%
Gary Ackerman 44%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 13%
Wayne Allard 44%
Bill Archer 44%
Richard Armey 56%
John Ashcroft 75%
Henry Scott Baesler 44%
Richard Hugh Baker 56%
William Baker 0%
John Baldacci 44%
Cass Ballenger 56%
James Barcia 44%
Robert Barr, Jr. 56%
Bill Barrett 56%
Roscoe Bartlett 56%
Charlie Bass 56%
Herbert Bateman 44%
Anthony Beilenson 100%
Bob Bennett 88%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 44%
Douglas Bereuter 44%
Howard Berman 33%
Tom Bevill 62%
Brian Bilbray 44%
Michael Bilirakis 56%
Jeff Bingaman 13%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 56%
Peter Blute 38%
Sherwood Boehlert 33%
Kit Bond 88%
Henry Bonilla 56%
David Edward Bonior 44%
Sonny Bono 56%
Robert Borski, Jr. 56%
Rick Boucher 63%
Bill Bradley 88%
John Breaux 38%
Bill Brewster 38%
Glen Browder 62%
George Brown, Jr. 33%
Hank Brown 0%
Richard Bryan 38%
Ed Bryant 56%
John Bryant 88%
Dale Bumpers 25%
Jim Bunn 12%
Jim Bunning 67%
Conrad Burns 88%
Dan Burton 56%
Steve Buyer 44%
Robert Byrd 25%
Herbert Callahan 56%
Ben Campbell 33%
Thomas Campbell 67%
Mike Castle 44%
John Chafee 88%
Jim Chapman 62%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 67%
Jon Lynn Christensen 56%
Dick Chrysler 0%
William Clay, Sr. 50%
Eva Clayton 38%
Robert Clement 56%
William Clinger 12%
William Cohen 38%
Ronald Coleman 100%
Barbara-Rose Collins 100%
Cardiss Collins 100%
Michael Collins 67%
Larry Combest 56%
Gary Condit 67%
Kent Conrad 38%
Wes Cooley 0%
Jerry Costello 56%
Paul Coverdell 88%
Christopher Cox 67%
William Coyne 44%
Larry Craig 88%
Robert Cramer 67%
Philip Crane 56%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 12%
Barbara Cubin 56%
Randall Cunningham 67%
Alfonse D'Amato 38%
Patsy Ann Danner 44%
Thomas Daschle 25%
Thomas Davis III 33%
E. Kika de la Garza 75%
Thomas DeLay 50%
Ronald Dellums 50%
Peter Deutsch 71%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 22%
Jay Dickey 56%
Norm Dicks 44%
Julian Dixon 33%
Chris Dodd 25%
Robert Dole 0%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 75%
Calvin Dooley 67%
John Doolittle 67%
Byron Dorgan 50%
Robert Dornan 0%
David Dreier 56%
Jennifer Dunn 71%
Chet Edwards 44%
Vern Ehlers 67%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 56%
Bill Emerson 0%
Philip English 44%
John Ensign 67%
Lane Evans 44%
Terry Everett 67%
Thomas Ewing 56%
Jim Exon 75%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 88%
Harris Fawell 56%
Victor Fazio 56%
Russ Feingold 25%
Cleo Fields 100%
Jack Fields, Jr. 0%
Floyd Flake 43%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 25%
Thomas Foglietta 38%
Mark Foley 44%
Michael Patrick Forbes 56%
Harold Ford, Sr. 88%
Wendell Ford 38%
Tillie Fowler 63%
Jon David Fox 44%
Barney Frank 44%
Gary Franks 12%
Robert Franks 44%
Dan Frisa 25%
William Frist 88%
Jonas Frost III 50%
David Funderburk 0%
Elizabeth Furse 44%
Elton Gallegly 56%
John Ganske 44%
Sam Gejdenson 56%
George Gekas 56%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 50%
Pete Geren 12%
Sam Gibbons 88%
Wayne Gilchrest 44%
Paul Gillmor 67%
Benjamin Gilman 44%
Newt Gingrich 100%
John Glenn 25%
Henry Gonzalez 33%
William Goodling 67%
Bart Gordon 56%
Slade Gorton 75%
Porter Goss 44%
Daniel Graham 38%
William Phillip Gramm 88%
Rodney Grams 75%
Enid Greene 0%
James Greenwood 44%
Judd Gregg 88%
Steven Gunderson 25%
Gilbert Gutknecht 56%
Tony Hall 29%
Lee Hamilton 56%
Melton Hancock 0%
James Hansen 56%
Jane Harman 56%
J. Dennis Hastert 56%
Mark Hatfield 12%
James Hayes 25%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 56%
Joel Hefley 56%
W.G. Hefner 67%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 12%
Jesse Helms 88%
Wally Herger, Jr. 56%
Van Hilleary 56%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 33%
Maurice Hinchey 44%
David Lee Hobson 56%
Pete Hoekstra 56%
Martin Hoke 12%
Thomas Holden 44%
Ernest Hollings 50%
Stephen Horn 44%
John Nathan Hostettler 44%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 33%
Duncan Hunter 56%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 67%
Kay Hutchison 88%
Henry Hyde 44%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 63%
Daniel Inouye 25%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 44%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 44%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 88%
William Jefferson 33%
James Merrill Jeffords 50%
Nancy Johnson 56%
Harry Johnston 88%
J. Bennett Johnston 71%
Paul Kanjorski 44%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 12%
Sue Kelly 44%
Dirk Kempthorne 88%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 13%
Joseph Kennedy II 44%
Patrick Kennedy 44%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 44%
Bob Kerrey 14%
Dale Kildee 44%
Jay Kim 56%
Gerald Kleczka 44%
Ronald Klink 56%
Scott Klug 67%
Joseph Knollenberg 56%
Herb Kohl 38%
James Kolbe 56%
Jon Kyl 88%
John LaFalce 33%
Ray LaHood 56%
Tom Lantos 44%
Stephen Largent 44%
Steve LaTourette 44%
Greg Laughlin 0%
Rick Lazio 67%
James Leach 44%
Jerry Lewis 56%
Ron Lewis 56%
Joe Lieberman 38%
Jim Lightfoot 0%
Blanche Lincoln 38%
John Linder 56%
William Lipinski 56%
Robert Livingston 44%
James Longley, Jr. 12%
Trent Lott, Sr. 88%
Dick Lugar 88%
William Luther 44%
Connie Mack 100%
Thomas Manton 44%
Don Manzullo 56%
Matthew Martinez 25%
Bill Martini 38%
Frank Mascara 44%
Robert Matsui 33%
Karen McCarthy 44%
Bill McCollum 56%
James McCrery III 56%
Joseph McDade 25%
Paul McHale 44%
John McHugh 33%
Scott McInnis 67%
David McIntosh 56%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 44%
Michael McNulty 29%
Martin Meehan 44%
Carrie Meek 38%
Jack Metcalf 33%
Jan Meyers 0%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 29%
Dan Miller 56%
David Minge 56%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 44%
John Moakley 38%
Susan Molinari 50%
Alan Mollohan 44%
G.V. Montgomery 0%
Carlos Moorhead 0%
Constance Morella 56%
Carol Moseley Braun 25%
Patrick Moynihan 13%
Frank Murkowski 63%
Jack Murtha 44%
John Myers 0%
Sue Myrick 56%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 56%
Mark Neumann 33%
Robert William Ney 22%
Don Nickles 88%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 56%
Sam Nunn 62%
James Nussle 56%
Jim Oberstar 38%
Dave Obey 63%
John Olver 44%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 38%
Bill Orton 62%
Major Owens 44%
Michael Oxley 44%
Ronald Packard 56%
Mike Parker 56%
William Paxon 56%
Donald Payne 44%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 50%
Claiborne Pell 83%
Pete Peterson 62%
Owen Pickett 67%
Richard Pombo 67%
Earl Pomeroy 44%
John Edward Porter 56%
Glenn Poshard 33%
Larry Pressler 12%
Deborah Pryce 56%
David Pryor 88%
James Quillen 12%
Jack Quinn 33%
George Radanovich 50%
James Ramstad 44%
Ralph Regula 22%
Bill Richardson 88%
Frank Duncan Riggs 56%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 56%
Charles Robb 25%
Timothy Roemer 44%
Charles Rose III 62%
Toby Roth 0%
William Roth, Jr. 63%
Marge Roukema 56%
Martin Olav Sabo 44%
Rick Santorum 50%
Paul Sarbanes 13%
Jim Saxton 56%
Joe Scarborough 56%
Daniel Schaefer 56%
Steven Schiff 33%
Patricia Schroeder 100%
Andrea Seastrand 0%
John Shadegg 56%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 44%
Christopher Shays 44%
E.G. Shuster 56%
Paul Simon 88%
Alan Simpson 0%
Norman Sisisky 63%
David Skaggs 44%
Joseph Skeen 44%
Ike Skelton 56%
Linda Smith 63%
Nick Smith 56%
Bob Smith 88%
Olympia Snowe 63%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 63%
Mark Souder 67%
Arlen Specter 25%
Floyd Spence 67%
John Spratt, Jr. 67%
Pete Stark 50%
Cliff Stearns 67%
Charles Stenholm 67%
Ted Stevens 63%
Louis Stokes 43%
Gerry Studds 100%
Bob Stump 56%
Bart Stupak 56%
James Talent 44%
John Tanner 78%
Randy Tate 12%
William Tauzin 56%
Charles Taylor 67%
Gene Taylor 56%
Frank Tejeda 75%
Craig Thomas 88%
William Thomas 56%
Fred Thompson 86%
Ray Thornton 88%
Karen Thurman 44%
Strom Thurmond 88%
Todd Tiahrt 56%
Peter Torkildsen 25%
Esteban Edward Torres 44%
Robert Torricelli 56%
Ed Towns 33%
James Traficant, Jr. 56%
Bruce Vento 50%
Harold Volkmer 71%
Barbara Vucanovich 0%
Robert Walker 0%
James Walsh 56%
Zach Wamp 56%
Michael Ward 100%
John Warner 88%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 56%
David Weldon 44%
W. Curtis Weldon 50%
Gerald Weller 56%
Paul Wellstone 13%
Rick White 56%
Pat Williams 100%
Charles Wilson 62%
Bob Wise, Jr. 44%
Lynn Woolsey 44%
Albert Wynn 56%
Sidney Yates 44%
Bill Zeliff 0%
Richard Zimmer 25%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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