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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: United States Chamber of Commerce

1996 Positions

State Office District Name Party Rating
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 25%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 92%
Gary Ackerman 31%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 31%
Wayne Allard 100%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 31%
Bill Archer 94%
Richard Armey 94%
John Ashcroft 100%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 94%
Henry Scott Baesler 40%
Richard Hugh Baker 100%
William Baker 96%
John Baldacci 31%
Cass Ballenger 100%
James Barcia 60%
Robert Barr, Jr. 94%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 25%
Bill Barrett 94%
Roscoe Bartlett 100%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 88%
Charlie Bass 100%
Herbert Bateman 94%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 46%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 23%
Anthony Beilenson 17%
Bob Bennett 92%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 31%
Douglas Bereuter 81%
Howard Berman 19%
Tom Bevill 67%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 46%
Brian Bilbray 94%
Michael Bilirakis 94%
Jeff Bingaman 15%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 44%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 100%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 20%
Peter Blute 92%
Sherwood Boehlert 69%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 94%
Kit Bond 100%
Henry Bonilla 94%
David Edward Bonior 19%
Sonny Bono 94%
Robert Borski, Jr. 20%
Rick Boucher 44%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 23%
Bill Bradley 21%
John Breaux 62%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 31%
George Brown, Jr. 25%
Hank Brown 100%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 13%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 93%
Richard Bryan 38%
Ed Bryant 100%
John Bryant 30%
Dale Bumpers 17%
Jim Bunn 96%
Jim Bunning 81%
Conrad Burns 85%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 88%
Dan Burton 94%
Steve Buyer 94%
Robert Byrd 23%
Herbert Callahan 100%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 100%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 100%
Ben Campbell 82%
Thomas Campbell 88%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 94%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 25%
Mike Castle 88%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 88%
John Chafee 92%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 100%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 88%
Jon Lynn Christensen 88%
Dick Chrysler 100%
William Clay, Sr. 19%
Eva Clayton 13%
Robert Clement 50%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 25%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 100%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 88%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 80%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 91%
William Cohen 61%
Ronald Coleman 29%
Barbara-Rose Collins 5%
Cardiss Collins 10%
Michael Collins 94%
Larry Combest 100%
Gary Condit 63%
Kent Conrad 23%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 13%
Wes Cooley 96%
Jerry Costello 25%
Paul Coverdell 92%
Christopher Cox 88%
William Coyne 19%
Larry Craig 100%
Robert Cramer 63%
Philip Crane 100%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 100%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 100%
Barbara Cubin 100%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 22%
Randall Cunningham 81%
Alfonse D'Amato 69%
Patsy Ann Danner 56%
Thomas Daschle 38%
Thomas Davis III 94%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 81%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 19%
E. Kika de la Garza 45%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 19%
Thomas DeLay 93%
Ronald Dellums 0%
Peter Deutsch 53%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 85%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 60%
Jay Dickey 100%
Norm Dicks 19%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 31%
Julian Dixon 19%
Chris Dodd 38%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 19%
Robert Dole 100%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 83%
Calvin Dooley 44%
John Doolittle 94%
Byron Dorgan 38%
Robert Dornan 96%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 44%
David Dreier 100%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 88%
Jennifer Dunn 100%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 27%
Chet Edwards 50%
Vern Ehlers 94%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 94%
Bill Emerson 100%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 25%
Philip English 88%
John Ensign 88%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 29%
Lane Evans 19%
Terry Everett 94%
Thomas Ewing 100%
Jim Exon 63%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 92%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 31%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 25%
Harris Fawell 100%
Victor Fazio 25%
Russ Feingold 31%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 38%
Cleo Fields 15%
Jack Fields, Jr. 100%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 29%
Floyd Flake 8%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 92%
Thomas Foglietta 20%
Mark Foley 94%
Michael Patrick Forbes 73%
Wendell Ford 38%
Tillie Fowler 92%
Jon David Fox 81%
Barney Frank 13%
Gary Franks 96%
Robert Franks 81%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 87%
Dan Frisa 96%
William Frist 100%
Jonas Frost III 38%
David Funderburk 96%
Elizabeth Furse 33%
Elton Gallegly 100%
John Ganske 94%
Sam Gejdenson 20%
George Gekas 100%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 27%
Pete Geren 88%
Sam Gibbons 26%
Wayne Gilchrest 100%
Paul Gillmor 73%
Benjamin Gilman 63%
Newt Gingrich 100%
John Glenn 23%
Henry Gonzalez 38%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 100%
William Goodling 94%
Bart Gordon 56%
Slade Gorton 100%
Porter Goss 88%
Daniel Graham 46%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 100%
William Phillip Gramm 100%
Rodney Grams 92%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 92%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 38%
Enid Greene 96%
James Greenwood 88%
Judd Gregg 92%
Steven Gunderson 96%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 14%
Gilbert Gutknecht 94%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 94%
Tony Hall 33%
Lee Hamilton 56%
Melton Hancock 100%
James Hansen 100%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 38%
Jane Harman 60%
J. Dennis Hastert 100%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 20%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 100%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 92%
Mark Hatfield 89%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 94%
Joel Hefley 94%
W.G. Hefner 38%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 96%
Jesse Helms 85%
Wally Herger, Jr. 100%
Van Hilleary 94%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 31%
Maurice Hinchey 19%
David Lee Hobson 88%
Pete Hoekstra 88%
Thomas Holden 63%
Ernest Hollings 46%
Stephen Horn 80%
John Nathan Hostettler 88%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 63%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 13%
Duncan Hunter 94%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 94%
Kay Hutchison 92%
Henry Hyde 100%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 87%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 100%
Daniel Inouye 33%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 94%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 19%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 27%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 38%
William Jefferson 31%
James Merrill Jeffords 62%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 25%
Nancy Johnson 81%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 94%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 33%
Harry Johnston 17%
J. Bennett Johnston 47%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 94%
Paul Kanjorski 25%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 33%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 94%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 89%
Sue Kelly 88%
Dirk Kempthorne 100%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 38%
Joseph Kennedy II 13%
Patrick Kennedy 13%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 25%
Bob Kerrey 23%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 31%
Dale Kildee 31%
Jay Kim 100%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 69%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 86%
Gerald Kleczka 44%
Ronald Klink 20%
Scott Klug 81%
Joseph Knollenberg 94%
Herb Kohl 69%
James Kolbe 94%
Jon Kyl 100%
John LaFalce 25%
Ray LaHood 88%
Tom Lantos 13%
Stephen Largent 86%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 100%
Steve LaTourette 88%
Greg Laughlin 91%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 15%
Rick Lazio 87%
James Leach 69%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 23%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 23%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 19%
Jerry Lewis 94%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 19%
Ron Lewis 94%
Joe Lieberman 54%
Jim Lightfoot 96%
Blanche Lincoln 63%
John Linder 100%
William Lipinski 38%
Robert Livingston 88%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 81%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 31%
James Longley, Jr. 96%
Trent Lott, Sr. 85%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 31%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 100%
Dick Lugar 85%
William Luther 19%
Connie Mack 100%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 20%
Thomas Manton 33%
Don Manzullo 94%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 6%
Matthew Martinez 31%
Bill Martini 79%
Frank Mascara 38%
Robert Matsui 19%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 100%
Karen McCarthy 25%
Bill McCollum 100%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 85%
James McCrery III 100%
Joseph McDade 67%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 27%
Paul McHale 38%
John McHugh 81%
Scott McInnis 88%
David McIntosh 100%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 100%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 20%
Michael McNulty 33%
Martin Meehan 19%
Carrie Meek 33%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 19%
Jack Metcalf 75%
Jan Meyers 88%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 100%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 23%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 20%
Dan Miller 88%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 13%
David Minge 38%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 25%
John Moakley 25%
Susan Molinari 92%
Alan Mollohan 25%
G.V. Montgomery 96%
Carlos Moorhead 100%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 31%
Constance Morella 60%
Carol Moseley Braun 46%
Patrick Moynihan 31%
Frank Murkowski 92%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 17%
Jack Murtha 25%
John Myers 91%
Sue Myrick 88%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 7%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 20%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 93%
Mark Neumann 69%
Robert William Ney 88%
Don Nickles 100%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 100%
Sam Nunn 63%
James Nussle 94%
Jim Oberstar 20%
Dave Obey 19%
John Olver 19%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 43%
Bill Orton 54%
Major Owens 19%
Michael Oxley 100%
Ronald Packard 93%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 25%
Mike Parker 100%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 38%
William Paxon 100%
Donald Payne 19%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 58%
Claiborne Pell 38%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 13%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 63%
Pete Peterson 48%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 88%
Owen Pickett 63%
Richard Pombo 94%
Earl Pomeroy 31%
John Edward Porter 75%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 94%
Glenn Poshard 44%
Larry Pressler 100%
Deborah Pryce 94%
David Pryor 39%
Jack Quinn 81%
George Radanovich 94%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 19%
James Ramstad 88%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 13%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 31%
Ralph Regula 81%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 31%
Bill Richardson 40%
Frank Duncan Riggs 81%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 19%
Charles Robb 46%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 94%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 46%
Timothy Roemer 56%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 81%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 93%
Charles Rose III 58%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 73%
Toby Roth 100%
William Roth, Jr. 85%
Marge Roukema 56%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 25%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 88%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 25%
Martin Olav Sabo 13%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 88%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 19%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 81%
Rick Santorum 77%
Paul Sarbanes 23%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 25%
Jim Saxton 94%
Joe Scarborough 94%
Daniel Schaefer 100%
Steven Schiff 80%
Patricia Schroeder 17%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 31%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 31%
Andrea Seastrand 92%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 81%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 19%
John Shadegg 88%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 94%
Christopher Shays 69%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 77%
E.G. Shuster 100%
Paul Simon 21%
Alan Simpson 89%
Norman Sisisky 67%
David Skaggs 19%
Joseph Skeen 100%
Ike Skelton 60%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 25%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 75%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 93%
Linda Smith 79%
Nick Smith 93%
Bob Smith 92%
Olympia Snowe 77%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 81%
Mark Souder 75%
Arlen Specter 77%
Floyd Spence 88%
John Spratt, Jr. 31%
Pete Stark 6%
Cliff Stearns 88%
Charles Stenholm 63%
Ted Stevens 85%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 91%
Louis Stokes 17%
Gerry Studds 22%
Bob Stump 94%
Bart Stupak 25%
James Talent 100%
John Tanner 56%
Randy Tate 100%
William Tauzin 93%
Charles Taylor 87%
Gene Taylor 63%
Frank Tejeda 38%
Craig Thomas 92%
William Thomas 94%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 25%
Fred Thompson 100%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 94%
Ray Thornton 39%
Karen Thurman 25%
Strom Thurmond 92%
Todd Tiahrt 94%
Peter Torkildsen 88%
Esteban Edward Torres 14%
Robert Torricelli 31%
Ed Towns 20%
James Traficant, Jr. 44%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 94%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 6%
Bruce Vento 13%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 19%
Harold Volkmer 38%
Barbara Vucanovich 100%
James Walsh 81%
Zach Wamp 88%
Michael Ward 29%
John Warner 85%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 19%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 19%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 100%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 13%
David Weldon 100%
W. Curtis Weldon 85%
Gerald Weller 87%
Paul Wellstone 31%
Rick White 88%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 94%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 100%
Pat Williams 26%
Charles Wilson 58%
Bob Wise, Jr. 25%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 81%
Lynn Woolsey 19%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 38%
Albert Wynn 31%
Sidney Yates 7%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 85%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 81%
Bill Zeliff 100%
Richard Zimmer 75%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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