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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: The Cato Institute

1997-1998 Trade Subsidy Votes Score

Issues: Trade
State Office District Name Party Rating
Edmond Spencer Abraham 67%
Gary Ackerman 14%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 33%
Wayne Allard 100%
Thomas Allen 13%
Bill Archer 56%
Richard Armey 78%
John Ashcroft 67%
Richard Hugh Baker 33%
John Baldacci 11%
Cass Ballenger 44%
James Barcia 11%
Robert Barr, Jr. 50%
Bill Barrett 33%
Roscoe Bartlett 33%
Charlie Bass 67%
Herbert Bateman 38%
Bob Bennett 33%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 33%
Douglas Bereuter 33%
Howard Berman 25%
Marion Berry 33%
Brian Bilbray 67%
Michael Bilirakis 22%
Jeff Bingaman 50%
Rod Blagojevich 33%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 44%
Sherwood Boehlert 11%
Kit Bond 50%
Henry Bonilla 44%
David Edward Bonior 11%
Mary Bono Mack 44%
Robert Borski, Jr. 11%
Leonard Boswell 33%
Rick Boucher 11%
Allen Boyd, Jr. 11%
John Breaux 33%
Richard Bryan 67%
Ed Bryant 44%
Conrad Burns 25%
Dan Burton 38%
Steve Buyer 33%
Robert Byrd 50%
Herbert Callahan 50%
Ben Campbell 17%
Thomas Campbell 89%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 33%
Chris Cannon 56%
Julia Carson 22%
Mike Castle 44%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 44%
William Clay, Sr. 11%
Eva Clayton 0%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland 50%
Robert Clement 33%
Michael Collins 63%
Larry Combest 33%
Gary Condit 22%
Kent Conrad 33%
Merrill Cook 22%
John Cooksey 43%
Jerry Costello 22%
Christopher Cox 56%
William Coyne 11%
Larry Craig 67%
Robert Cramer 22%
Philip Crane 89%
Barbara Cubin 50%
Randall Cunningham 67%
Patsy Ann Danner 11%
Thomas Daschle 50%
James Davis 33%
Thomas Davis III 56%
Bill Delahunt 22%
Thomas DeLay 67%
Peter Deutsch 22%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 22%
Jay Dickey 22%
Norm Dicks 44%
Julian Dixon 22%
Chris Dodd 67%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 50%
Calvin Dooley 44%
John Doolittle 22%
Byron Dorgan 50%
David Dreier 44%
Jennifer Dunn 44%
Chet Edwards 25%
Vern Ehlers 50%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 44%
Jo Ann Emerson 44%
Philip English 44%
Bob Etheridge 22%
Lane Evans 11%
Terry Everett 11%
Thomas Ewing 33%
Russ Feingold 50%
Mark Foley 56%
Michael Patrick Forbes 14%
Harold Ford, Jr. 14%
Tillie Fowler 67%
Barney Frank 11%
Robert Franks 44%
William Frist 50%
Jonas Frost III 13%
Elton Gallegly 0%
John Ganske 44%
Sam Gejdenson 11%
George Gekas 33%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 0%
Jim Gibbons 44%
Wayne Gilchrest 33%
Paul Gillmor 67%
Benjamin Gilman 11%
Virgil Goode, Jr. 11%
William Goodling 22%
Bart Gordon 11%
Slade Gorton 50%
Porter Goss 63%
Daniel Graham 33%
William Phillip Gramm 67%
Rodney Grams 83%
James Greenwood 50%
Judd Gregg 83%
Gilbert Gutknecht 56%
Tony Hall 11%
James Hansen 22%
J. Dennis Hastert 67%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 89%
Joel Hefley 44%
Jesse Helms 33%
Wally Herger, Jr. 56%
Rick Hill 25%
Van Hilleary 44%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 33%
Maurice Hinchey 11%
David Lee Hobson 56%
Pete Hoekstra 67%
Thomas Holden 22%
Ernest Hollings 33%
Darlene Hooley 22%
Stephen Horn 44%
John Nathan Hostettler 56%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 56%
Kenny Hulshof 67%
Duncan Hunter 33%
Asa Hutchinson 57%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 33%
Kay Hutchison 83%
Henry Hyde 38%
Daniel Inouye 33%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 67%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 22%
William Jefferson 38%
James Merrill Jeffords 50%
William Lewis Jenkins 0%
Christopher John 13%
Paul Kanjorski 33%
Sue Kelly 33%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 33%
Patrick Kennedy 22%
Bob Kerrey 50%
Dale Kildee 0%
Carolyn Kilpatrick 0%
Gerald Kleczka 22%
Ronald Klink 22%
Joseph Knollenberg 56%
Herb Kohl 67%
James Kolbe 67%
Dennis Kucinich 33%
Jon Kyl 67%
John LaFalce 11%
Ray LaHood 44%
Nicholas Lampson 11%
Tom Lantos 13%
Stephen Largent 75%
Steve LaTourette 33%
Rick Lazio 44%
James Leach 44%
Jerry Lewis 38%
Ron Lewis 33%
Joe Lieberman 50%
John Linder 56%
William Lipinski 38%
Trent Lott, Sr. 50%
Dick Lugar 67%
William Luther 44%
Connie Mack 33%
James Maloney 11%
Don Manzullo 67%
Matthew Martinez 13%
Frank Mascara 22%
Robert Matsui 33%
Karen McCarthy 22%
Bill McCollum 56%
James McCrery III 33%
John McHugh 22%
Scott McInnis 33%
David McIntosh 88%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 33%
Michael McNulty 0%
Martin Meehan 50%
Carrie Meek 11%
Jack Metcalf 22%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 11%
Dan Miller 67%
David Minge 33%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 22%
John Moakley 22%
Alan Mollohan 13%
Constance Morella 44%
Patrick Moynihan 67%
Frank Murkowski 50%
Jack Murtha 11%
Sue Myrick 44%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 67%
Robert William Ney 44%
Don Nickles 83%
Anne Northup 44%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 22%
James Nussle 33%
Jim Oberstar 22%
Dave Obey 13%
John Olver 11%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 25%
Major Owens 22%
Michael Oxley 33%
Ronald Packard 44%
Ron Paul 78%
Donald Payne 13%
Edward Pease 67%
John Peterson 58%
Charles Pickering, Jr. 33%
Owen Pickett 44%
Richard Pombo 33%
Earl Pomeroy 33%
John Edward Porter 38%
Deborah Pryce 57%
Jack Quinn 25%
George Radanovich 44%
James Ramstad 67%
Ralph Regula 33%
Silvestre Reyes 11%
Bob Riley 0%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 22%
Charles Robb 67%
Ciro Rodriguez 11%
Timothy Roemer 33%
James Rogan 78%
William Roth, Jr. 67%
Steve Rothman 11%
Marge Roukema 44%
Jim Ryun 67%
Martin Olav Sabo 11%
Max Sandlin, Jr. 11%
Rick Santorum 50%
Paul Sarbanes 17%
Jim Saxton 13%
Joe Scarborough 50%
John Shadegg 89%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 56%
Christopher Shays 56%
E.G. Shuster 33%
Norman Sisisky 0%
Joseph Skeen 33%
Ike Skelton 22%
Gordon Smith 50%
Bob Smith 50%
Olympia Snowe 0%
Vic Snyder 33%
Mark Souder 33%
Arlen Specter 17%
Floyd Spence 11%
John Spratt, Jr. 0%
Pete Stark 17%
Cliff Stearns 44%
Charles Stenholm 33%
Ted Stevens 33%
Ted Strickland 22%
Bob Stump 56%
Bart Stupak 22%
John Sununu 67%
James Talent 67%
John Tanner 33%
Ellen Tauscher 33%
William Tauzin 33%
Charles Taylor 17%
Gene Taylor 44%
Craig Thomas 67%
William Thomas 44%
Fred Thompson 67%
Karen Thurman 11%
Strom Thurmond 17%
Todd Tiahrt 44%
Robert Torricelli 17%
Ed Towns 22%
James Traficant, Jr. 38%
James Turner 22%
Bruce Vento 11%
James Walsh 0%
Zach Wamp 44%
John Warner 50%
Wesley Watkins 55%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 55%
David Weldon 25%
W. Curtis Weldon 63%
Gerald Weller 33%
Paul Wellstone 50%
Robert Wexler 11%
Bob Weygand 11%
Bob Wise, Jr. 13%
Lynn Woolsey 22%
Albert Wynn 11%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 0%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 44%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 44%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 50%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 11%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 60%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 11%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 33%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 17%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 11%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 24 Lois Capps Democratic 11%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 11%
VI U.S. House Delegate Donna Christensen Democratic 33%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 0%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 56%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 33%
IL U.S. House 7 Danny Davis Democratic 22%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 22%
CO U.S. House 1 Diana DeGette Democratic 33%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 11%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 22%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 22%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 44%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 11%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 44%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 22%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 22%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 33%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 13%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 13%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 22%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 17%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 11%
TX U.S. House 15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. Democratic 11%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 11%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 22%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 38%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 67%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 25%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 50%
WI U.S. House 3 Ron Kind Democratic 22%
LA U.S. Senate Sr Mary Landrieu Democratic 50%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 50%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 17%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 0%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 11%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 25%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 22%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 33%
KY Commissioner of the Department of Veterans' Affairs Kenneth Lucas Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 22%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 4 Carolyn McCarthy Democratic 11%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 56%
MA U.S. House 2 Jim McGovern Democratic 38%
NC U.S. House 7 Mike McIntyre Democratic 25%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 0%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 33%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 11%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 55%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 33%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 22%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 22%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 22%
NJ U.S. House 9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. Democratic 33%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 13%
NC U.S. House 4 David Price Democratic 22%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 11%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 44%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 33%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 50%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 67%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 46 Loretta Sanchez Democratic 11%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 22%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 11%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 13%
CA U.S. House 30 Brad Sherman Democratic 11%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 13%
WA U.S. House 9 Adam Smith Democratic 33%
MI U.S. Senate Jr Debbie Stabenow Democratic 11%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 0%
MA U.S. House 6 John Tierney Democratic 22%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 22%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 33%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 14%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 22%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 11%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 50%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 33%
RI Governor Linc Chafee Independent 50%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 38%
AL U.S. House 4 Robert Aderholt Republican 11%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 78%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 8%
MO U.S. Senate Jr Roy Blunt Republican 38%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 25%
TX U.S. House 8 Kevin Brady Republican 44%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 83%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 56%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 33%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 44%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 78%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 33%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 78%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 25%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 50%
ME U.S. Senate Sr Susan Collins Republican 33%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 38%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 50%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 44%
WY U.S. Senate Sr Mike Enzi Republican 33%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 44%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 56%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 25%
TX U.S. House 12 Kay Granger Republican 33%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 33%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel Republican 50%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 33%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 50%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 33%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 33%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 33%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 44%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 33%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 33%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 33%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 33%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 67%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 33%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 44%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 33%
KS U.S. Senate Jr Jerry Moran Republican 44%
PA U.S. House 16 Joe Pitts Republican 67%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 67%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 67%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 11%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 56%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 22%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 56%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 78%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 89%
CO State Board of Education 4 Robert Schaffer Republican 33%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 67%
AL U.S. Senate Jr Jeff Sessions III Republican 50%
TX U.S. House 32 Pete Sessions Republican 56%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 17%
IL U.S. House 15 John Shimkus Republican 44%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 22%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 55%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 44%
SD U.S. Senate Jr John Thune Republican 44%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 44%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 33%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 33%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 22%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 25%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 17%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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