Rating Group: The Cato Institute

1997-1998 Trade Subsidy Votes Score

Issues: Trade
State Office Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House-At-Large Don Young R 17%
AL U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Shelby R 17%
AL U.S. Senate-Jr Jeff Sessions III R 50%
AL U.S. House-4 Robert Aderholt R 11%
AL U.S. House-6 Spencer Bachus R 78%
AZ U.S. Senate-Sr John McCain III R 67%
AZ U.S. House-5 Matthew Salmon R 78%
AZ U.S. House-7 Ed Pastor D 22%
CA U.S. Senate-Sr Dianne Feinstein D 33%
CA U.S. Senate-Jr Barbara Boxer D 17%
CA U.S. House-11 George Miller D 11%
CA U.S. House-12 Nancy Pelosi D 13%
CA U.S. House-18 Anna Eshoo D 44%
CA U.S. House-19 Zoe Lofgren D 22%
CA U.S. House-20 Sam Farr D 22%
CA U.S. House-24 Lois Capps D 11%
CA U.S. House-25 Buck McKeon R 44%
CA U.S. House-30 Brad Sherman D 11%
CA U.S. House-33 Henry Waxman D 11%
CA U.S. House-34 Xavier Becerra D 11%
CA U.S. House-39 Ed Royce R 56%
CA U.S. House-42 Ken Calvert R 33%
CA U.S. House-43 Maxine Waters D 14%
CA U.S. House-46 Loretta Sanchez D 11%
CA U.S. House-48 Dana Rohrabacher R 56%
CA Mayor-At-Large Bob Filner D 13%
CO U.S. House-1 Diana DeGette D 33%
CO State Board of Education-4 Robert Schaffer R 33%
CT U.S. House-3 Rosa DeLauro D 11%
FL U.S. House-5 Corrine Brown D 11%
FL U.S. House-7 John Mica R 33%
FL U.S. House-13 Bill Young R 25%
FL U.S. House-20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. D 11%
FL U.S. House-27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R 22%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady Other 33%
GA U.S. Senate-Sr Saxby Chambliss R 33%
GA U.S. House-1 Jack Kingston R 33%
GA U.S. House-2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. D 11%
GA U.S. House-5 John Lewis D 25%
GA Governor Nathan Deal R 38%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie D 0%
IA U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Grassley R 33%
IA U.S. Senate-Jr Tom Harkin D 17%
IA U.S. House-3 Tom Latham R 33%
IL U.S. Senate-Sr Dick Durbin D 33%
IL U.S. House-1 Bobby Rush D 22%
IL U.S. House-4 Luis Gutierrez D 22%
IL U.S. House-7 Danny Davis D 22%
IL U.S. House-15 John Shimkus R 44%
IN U.S. House-1 Pete Visclosky D 33%
KS U.S. Senate-Sr Pat Roberts R 67%
KS U.S. Senate-Jr Jerry Moran R 44%
KS Governor Sam Brownback R 83%
KY U.S. Senate-Sr Mitch McConnell R 33%
KY U.S. House-1 Ed Whitfield R 33%
KY U.S. House-5 Hal Rogers R 11%
KY Commissioner of the Department of Veterans' Affairs Kenneth Lucas D 33%
LA U.S. Senate-Sr Mary Landrieu D 50%
MA U.S. House-1 Richard Neal D 22%
MA U.S. House-2 Jim McGovern D 38%
MA U.S. House-5 Ed Markey D 33%
MA U.S. House-6 John Tierney D 22%
MD U.S. Senate-Sr Barbara Mikulski D 33%
MD U.S. Senate-Jr Ben Cardin D 11%
MD U.S. House-5 Steny Hoyer D 11%
MD U.S. House-7 Elijah Cummings D 33%
ME U.S. Senate-Sr Susan Collins R 33%
MI U.S. Senate-Sr Carl Levin D 0%
MI U.S. Senate-Jr Debbie Stabenow D 11%
MI U.S. House-4 Dave Camp R 44%
MI U.S. House-6 Fred Upton R 44%
MI U.S. House-9 Sandy Levin D 11%
MI U.S. House-12 John Dingell D 22%
MI U.S. House-13 John Conyers, Jr. D 56%
MN U.S. House-7 Collin Peterson DFL 33%
MO U.S. Senate-Jr Roy Blunt R 38%
MS U.S. Senate-Sr Thad Cochran R 50%
MS U.S. Senate-Jr Roger Wicker R 33%
MS U.S. House-2 Bennie Thompson D 0%
MT U.S. Senate-Sr Max Baucus D 50%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. D 60%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel R 50%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry D 50%
NC U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Burr R 56%
NC U.S. House-3 Walter Jones, Jr. R 33%
NC U.S. House-4 David Price D 22%
NC U.S. House-6 Howard Coble R 78%
NC U.S. House-7 Mike McIntyre D 25%
NC U.S. House-12 Mel Watt D 22%
NJ U.S. Senate-Sr Frank Lautenberg D 50%
NJ U.S. Senate-Jr Bob Menendez D 0%
NJ U.S. House-1 Rob Andrews D 44%
NJ U.S. House-2 Frank LoBiondo R 33%
NJ U.S. House-4 Chris Smith R 22%
NJ U.S. House-6 Frank Pallone, Jr. D 22%
NJ U.S. House-9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. D 33%
NJ U.S. House-11 Rodney Frelinghuysen R 44%
NV U.S. Senate-Sr Harry Reid D 50%
NY U.S. House-2 Pete King R 33%
NY U.S. House-4 Carolyn McCarthy D 11%
NY U.S. House-7 Nydia Velázquez D 22%
NY U.S. House-10 Jerry Nadler D 22%
NY U.S. House-12 Carolyn Maloney D 22%
NY U.S. House-13 Charlie Rangel D 44%
NY U.S. House-15 José Serrano D 13%
NY U.S. House-16 Eliot Engel D 11%
NY U.S. House-17 Nita Lowey D 33%
NY U.S. House-25 Louise Slaughter D 13%
OH U.S. Senate-Sr Sherrod Brown D 22%
OH U.S. Senate-Jr Rob Portman R 67%
OH U.S. House-1 Steve Chabot R 78%
OH U.S. House-8 John Boehner R 25%
OH U.S. House-9 Marcy Kaptur D 25%
OH Governor John Kasich R 44%
OH State Senate-28 Thomas Sawyer D 22%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine R 50%
OK U.S. Senate-Sr Jim Inhofe R 33%
OK U.S. Senate-Jr Thomas Coburn R 25%
OR U.S. Senate-Sr Ron Wyden D 50%
OR U.S. House-3 Earl Blumenauer D 33%
OR U.S. House-4 Peter DeFazio D 22%
PA U.S. House-2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. D 22%
PA U.S. House-14 Mike Doyle, Jr. D 44%
PA U.S. House-16 Joe Pitts R 67%
RI U.S. Senate-Sr Jack Reed D 33%
RI Governor Linc Chafee I 50%
SC U.S. Senate-Sr Lindsey Graham R 25%
SC U.S. House-1 Mark Sanford, Jr. R 89%
SC U.S. House-6 Jim Clyburn D 0%
SD U.S. Senate-Sr Timothy Johnson D 67%
SD U.S. Senate-Jr John Thune R 44%
TN U.S. House-2 John Duncan, Jr. R 44%
TX U.S. House-4 Ralph Hall R 33%
TX U.S. House-6 Joe Barton R 8%
TX U.S. House-8 Kevin Brady R 44%
TX U.S. House-12 Kay Granger R 33%
TX U.S. House-13 Mac Thornberry R 44%
TX U.S. House-15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. D 11%
TX U.S. House-18 Sheila Jackson Lee D 22%
TX U.S. House-21 Lamar Smith R 55%
TX U.S. House-29 Gene Green D 13%
TX U.S. House-30 Eddie Johnson D 38%
TX U.S. House-32 Pete Sessions R 56%
TX U.S. House-35 Lloyd Doggett D 22%
UT U.S. Senate-Sr Orrin Hatch R 33%
VA U.S. House-3 Bobby Scott D 11%
VA U.S. House-6 Bob Goodlatte R 56%
VA U.S. House-8 Jim Moran, Jr. D 55%
VA U.S. House-10 Frank Wolf R 22%
VI U.S. House-Delegate Donna Christensen D 33%
VT U.S. Senate-Sr Patrick Leahy D 17%
VT U.S. Senate-Jr Bernie Sanders I 38%
WA U.S. Senate-Sr Patty Murray D 33%
WA U.S. House-4 Doc Hastings R 50%
WA U.S. House-7 Jim McDermott D 56%
WA U.S. House-9 Adam Smith D 33%
WI U.S. House-3 Ron Kind D 22%
WI U.S. House-5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. R 67%
WI Mayor-At-Large Tom Barrett D 44%
WV U.S. Senate-Sr Jay Rockefeller IV D 67%
WV U.S. House-3 Nick Rahall II D 11%
WY U.S. Senate-Sr Mike Enzi R 33%
Edmond Spencer Abraham Other 67%
Gary Ackerman Other 14%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. Other 33%
Wayne Allard Other 100%
Thomas Allen Other 13%
Bill Archer Other 56%
Richard Armey Other 78%
John Ashcroft Other 67%
Richard Hugh Baker Other 33%
John Baldacci Other 11%
Cass Ballenger Other 44%
James Barcia Other 11%
Robert Barr, Jr. Other 50%
Bill Barrett Other 33%
Roscoe Bartlett Other 33%
Charlie Bass Other 67%
Herbert Bateman Other 38%
Bob Bennett Other 33%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. Other 33%
Douglas Bereuter Other 33%
Howard Berman Other 25%
Marion Berry Other 33%
Brian Bilbray Other 67%
Michael Bilirakis Other 22%
Jeff Bingaman Other 50%
Rod Blagojevich Other 33%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. Other 44%
Sherwood Boehlert Other 11%
Kit Bond Other 50%
Henry Bonilla Other 44%
David Edward Bonior Other 11%
Mary Bono Mack Other 44%
Robert Borski, Jr. Other 11%
Leonard Boswell Other 33%
Rick Boucher Other 11%
Allen Boyd, Jr. Other 11%
John Breaux Other 33%
Richard Bryan Other 67%
Ed Bryant Other 44%
Conrad Burns Other 25%
Dan Burton Other 38%
Steve Buyer Other 33%
Robert Byrd Other 50%
Herbert Callahan Other 50%
Ben Campbell Other 17%
Thomas Campbell Other 89%
Chris Cannon Other 56%
Julia Carson Other 22%
Mike Castle Other 44%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage Other 44%
William Clay, Sr. Other 11%
Eva Clayton Other 0%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland Other 50%
Robert Clement Other 33%
Michael Collins Other 63%
Larry Combest Other 33%
Gary Condit Other 22%
Kent Conrad Other 33%
Merrill Cook Other 22%
John Cooksey Other 43%
Jerry Costello Other 22%
Christopher Cox Other 56%
William Coyne Other 11%
Larry Craig Other 67%
Robert Cramer Other 22%
Philip Crane Other 89%
Barbara Cubin Other 50%
Randall Cunningham Other 67%
Patsy Ann Danner Other 11%
Thomas Daschle Other 50%
James Davis Other 33%
Thomas Davis III Other 56%
Bill Delahunt Other 22%
Thomas DeLay Other 67%
Peter Deutsch Other 22%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart Other 22%
Jay Dickey Other 22%
Norm Dicks Other 44%
Julian Dixon Other 22%
Chris Dodd Other 67%
Pete Domenici, Jr. Other 50%
Calvin Dooley Other 44%
John Doolittle Other 22%
Byron Dorgan Other 50%
David Dreier Other 44%
Jennifer Dunn Other 44%
Chet Edwards Other 25%
Vern Ehlers Other 50%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. Other 44%
Jo Ann Emerson Other 44%
Philip English Other 44%
Bob Etheridge Other 22%
Lane Evans Other 11%
Terry Everett Other 11%
Thomas Ewing Other 33%
Russ Feingold Other 50%
Mark Foley Other 56%
Michael Patrick Forbes Other 14%
Harold Ford, Jr. Other 14%
Tillie Fowler Other 67%
Barney Frank Other 11%
Robert Franks Other 44%
William Frist Other 50%
Jonas Frost III Other 13%
Elton Gallegly Other 0%
John Ganske Other 44%
Sam Gejdenson Other 11%
George Gekas Other 33%
Richard Andrew Gephardt Other 0%
Jim Gibbons Other 44%
Wayne Gilchrest Other 33%
Paul Gillmor Other 67%
Benjamin Gilman Other 11%
Virgil Goode, Jr. Other 11%
William Goodling Other 22%
Bart Gordon Other 11%
Slade Gorton Other 50%
Porter Goss Other 63%
Daniel Graham Other 33%
William Phillip Gramm Other 67%
Rodney Grams Other 83%
James Greenwood Other 50%
Judd Gregg Other 83%
Gilbert Gutknecht Other 56%
Tony Hall Other 11%
James Hansen Other 22%
J. Dennis Hastert Other 67%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. Other 89%
Joel Hefley Other 44%
Jesse Helms Other 33%
Wally Herger, Jr. Other 56%
Rick Hill Other 25%
Van Hilleary Other 44%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. Other 33%
Maurice Hinchey Other 11%
David Lee Hobson Other 56%
Pete Hoekstra Other 67%
Thomas Holden Other 22%
Ernest Hollings Other 33%
Darlene Hooley Other 22%
Stephen Horn Other 44%
John Nathan Hostettler Other 56%
Amory Houghton, Jr. Other 56%
Kenny Hulshof Other 67%
Duncan Hunter Other 33%
Asa Hutchinson Other 57%
Y. Tim Hutchinson Other 33%
Kay Hutchison Other 83%
Henry Hyde Other 38%
Daniel Inouye Other 33%
Ernest Istook, Jr. Other 67%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. Other 22%
William Jefferson Other 38%
James Merrill Jeffords Other 50%
William Lewis Jenkins Other 0%
Christopher John Other 13%
Paul Kanjorski Other 33%
Sue Kelly Other 33%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. Other 33%
Patrick Kennedy Other 22%
Bob Kerrey Other 50%
Dale Kildee Other 0%
Carolyn Kilpatrick Other 0%
Gerald Kleczka Other 22%
Ronald Klink Other 22%
Joseph Knollenberg Other 56%
Herb Kohl Other 67%
James Kolbe Other 67%
Dennis Kucinich Other 33%
Jon Kyl Other 67%
John LaFalce Other 11%
Ray LaHood Other 44%
Nicholas Lampson Other 11%
Tom Lantos Other 13%
Stephen Largent Other 75%
Steve LaTourette Other 33%
Rick Lazio Other 44%
James Leach Other 44%
Jerry Lewis Other 38%
Ron Lewis Other 33%
Joe Lieberman Other 50%
John Linder Other 56%
William Lipinski Other 38%
Trent Lott, Sr. Other 50%
Dick Lugar Other 67%
William Luther Other 44%
Connie Mack Other 33%
James Maloney Other 11%
Don Manzullo Other 67%
Matthew Martinez Other 13%
Frank Mascara Other 22%
Robert Matsui Other 33%
Karen McCarthy Other 22%
Bill McCollum Other 56%
James McCrery III Other 33%
John McHugh Other 22%
Scott McInnis Other 33%
David McIntosh Other 88%
Cynthia Ann McKinney Other 33%
Michael McNulty Other 0%
Martin Meehan Other 50%
Carrie Meek Other 11%
Jack Metcalf Other 22%
Juanita Millender-McDonald Other 11%
Dan Miller Other 67%
David Minge Other 33%
Patsy Takemoto Mink Other 22%
John Moakley Other 22%
Alan Mollohan Other 13%
Constance Morella Other 44%
Patrick Moynihan Other 67%
Frank Murkowski Other 50%
Jack Murtha Other 11%
Sue Myrick Other 44%
George Nethercutt, Jr. Other 67%
Robert William Ney Other 44%
Don Nickles Other 83%
Anne Northup Other 44%
Charles Norwood, Jr. Other 22%
James Nussle Other 33%
Jim Oberstar Other 22%
Dave Obey Other 13%
John Olver Other 11%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. Other 25%
Major Owens Other 22%
Michael Oxley Other 33%
Ronald Packard Other 44%
Ron Paul Other 78%
Donald Payne Other 13%
Edward Pease Other 67%
John Peterson Other 58%
Charles Pickering, Jr. Other 33%
Owen Pickett Other 44%
Richard Pombo Other 33%
Earl Pomeroy Other 33%
John Edward Porter Other 38%
Deborah Pryce Other 57%
Jack Quinn Other 25%
George Radanovich Other 44%
James Ramstad Other 67%
Ralph Regula Other 33%
Silvestre Reyes Other 11%
Bob Riley Other 0%
Lynn Nancy Rivers Other 22%
Charles Robb Other 67%
Ciro Rodriguez Other 11%
Timothy Roemer Other 33%
James Rogan Other 78%
William Roth, Jr. Other 67%
Steve Rothman Other 11%
Marge Roukema Other 44%
Jim Ryun Other 67%
Martin Olav Sabo Other 11%
Max Sandlin, Jr. Other 11%
Rick Santorum Other 50%
Paul Sarbanes Other 17%
Jim Saxton Other 13%
Joe Scarborough Other 50%
John Shadegg Other 89%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. Other 56%
Christopher Shays Other 56%
E.G. Shuster Other 33%
Norman Sisisky Other 0%
Joseph Skeen Other 33%
Ike Skelton Other 22%
Gordon Smith Other 50%
Bob Smith Other 50%
Olympia Snowe Other 0%
Vic Snyder Other 33%
Mark Souder Other 33%
Arlen Specter Other 17%
Floyd Spence Other 11%
John Spratt, Jr. Other 0%
Pete Stark Other 17%
Cliff Stearns Other 44%
Charles Stenholm Other 33%
Ted Stevens Other 33%
Ted Strickland Other 22%
Bob Stump Other 56%
Bart Stupak Other 22%
John Sununu Other 67%
James Talent Other 67%
John Tanner Other 33%
Ellen Tauscher Other 33%
William Tauzin Other 33%
Charles Taylor Other 17%
Gene Taylor Other 44%
Craig Thomas Other 67%
William Thomas Other 44%
Fred Thompson Other 67%
Karen Thurman Other 11%
Strom Thurmond Other 17%
Todd Tiahrt Other 44%
Robert Torricelli Other 17%
Ed Towns Other 22%
James Traficant, Jr. Other 38%
James Turner Other 22%
Bruce Vento Other 11%
James Walsh Other 0%
Zach Wamp Other 44%
John Warner Other 50%
Wesley Watkins Other 55%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. Other 55%
David Weldon Other 25%
W. Curtis Weldon Other 63%
Gerald Weller Other 33%
Paul Wellstone Other 50%
Robert Wexler Other 11%
Bob Weygand Other 11%
Bob Wise, Jr. Other 13%
Lynn Woolsey Other 22%
Albert Wynn Other 11%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.