Rating Group: Population Connection

1996 Positions

Issues: Social
State Office Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House-At-Large Don Young R 0%
AL U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Shelby R 0%
AL U.S. House-6 Spencer Bachus R 0%
AZ U.S. Senate-Sr John McCain III R 0%
AZ U.S. House-5 Matthew Salmon R 0%
AZ U.S. House-7 Ed Pastor D 100%
CA U.S. Senate-Sr Dianne Feinstein D 100%
CA U.S. Senate-Jr Barbara Boxer D 89%
CA U.S. House-11 George Miller D 100%
CA U.S. House-12 Nancy Pelosi D 100%
CA U.S. House-18 Anna Eshoo D 100%
CA U.S. House-19 Zoe Lofgren D 100%
CA U.S. House-20 Sam Farr D 100%
CA U.S. House-25 Buck McKeon R 0%
CA U.S. House-33 Henry Waxman D 100%
CA U.S. House-34 Xavier Becerra D 100%
CA U.S. House-39 Ed Royce R 0%
CA U.S. House-40 Lucille Roybal-Allard D 100%
CA U.S. House-42 Ken Calvert R 0%
CA U.S. House-43 Maxine Waters D 100%
CA U.S. House-48 Dana Rohrabacher R 0%
CA Mayor-At-Large Bob Filner D 100%
CT U.S. House-3 Rosa DeLauro D 100%
FL U.S. House-5 Corrine Brown D 100%
FL U.S. House-7 John Mica R 0%
FL U.S. House-13 Bill Young R 10%
FL U.S. House-20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. D 90%
FL U.S. House-27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R 10%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady Other 0%
GA U.S. Senate-Sr Saxby Chambliss R 0%
GA U.S. House-1 Jack Kingston R 0%
GA U.S. House-2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. D 100%
GA U.S. House-5 John Lewis D 100%
GA Governor Nathan Deal R 10%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie D 100%
IA U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Grassley R 0%
IA U.S. Senate-Jr Tom Harkin D 100%
IA U.S. House-3 Tom Latham R 0%
ID U.S. Senate-Sr Mike Crapo R 0%
IL U.S. Senate-Sr Dick Durbin D 100%
IL U.S. House-1 Bobby Rush D 88%
IL U.S. House-4 Luis Gutierrez D 100%
IN U.S. Senate-Sr Daniel Coats R 0%
IN U.S. House-1 Pete Visclosky D 90%
KS U.S. Senate-Sr Pat Roberts R 0%
KS Governor Sam Brownback R 0%
KY U.S. Senate-Sr Mitch McConnell R 0%
KY U.S. House-1 Ed Whitfield R 0%
KY U.S. House-5 Hal Rogers R 0%
MA U.S. House-1 Richard Neal D 100%
MA U.S. House-5 Ed Markey D 100%
MD U.S. Senate-Sr Barbara Mikulski D 100%
MD U.S. Senate-Jr Ben Cardin D 100%
MD U.S. House-5 Steny Hoyer D 100%
MD U.S. House-7 Elijah Cummings D 20%
MI U.S. Senate-Sr Carl Levin D 89%
MI U.S. House-4 Dave Camp R 0%
MI U.S. House-6 Fred Upton R 60%
MI U.S. House-9 Sandy Levin D 100%
MI U.S. House-12 John Dingell D 100%
MI U.S. House-13 John Conyers, Jr. D 100%
MN U.S. House-7 Collin Peterson DFL 10%
MS U.S. Senate-Sr Thad Cochran R 0%
MS U.S. Senate-Jr Roger Wicker R 0%
MS U.S. House-2 Bennie Thompson D 100%
MT U.S. Senate-Sr Max Baucus D 100%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. D 78%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry D 100%
NC U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Burr R 0%
NC U.S. House-3 Walter Jones, Jr. R 0%
NC U.S. House-6 Howard Coble R 0%
NC U.S. House-12 Mel Watt D 100%
NJ U.S. Senate-Sr Frank Lautenberg D 100%
NJ U.S. Senate-Jr Bob Menendez D 100%
NJ U.S. House-1 Rob Andrews D 88%
NJ U.S. House-2 Frank LoBiondo R 20%
NJ U.S. House-4 Chris Smith R 10%
NJ U.S. House-6 Frank Pallone, Jr. D 100%
NJ U.S. House-11 Rodney Frelinghuysen R 80%
NV U.S. Senate-Sr Harry Reid D 56%
NY U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Schumer D 100%
NY U.S. House-2 Pete King R 0%
NY U.S. House-7 Nydia Velázquez D 100%
NY U.S. House-10 Jerry Nadler D 100%
NY U.S. House-12 Carolyn Maloney D 100%
NY U.S. House-13 Charlie Rangel D 100%
NY U.S. House-15 José Serrano D 100%
NY U.S. House-16 Eliot Engel D 100%
NY U.S. House-17 Nita Lowey D 100%
NY U.S. House-25 Louise Slaughter D 100%
OH U.S. Senate-Sr Sherrod Brown D 100%
OH U.S. Senate-Jr Rob Portman R 0%
OH U.S. House-1 Steve Chabot R 10%
OH U.S. House-8 John Boehner R 0%
OH U.S. House-9 Marcy Kaptur D 80%
OH Governor John Kasich R 0%
OH State Senate-28 Thomas Sawyer D 100%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine R 11%
OK U.S. Senate-Sr Jim Inhofe R 0%
OK U.S. House-3 Frank Lucas R 0%
OR U.S. Senate-Sr Ron Wyden D 100%
OR U.S. House-3 Earl Blumenauer D 100%
OR U.S. House-4 Peter DeFazio D 100%
PA U.S. House-2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. D 100%
PA U.S. House-14 Mike Doyle, Jr. D 33%
RI U.S. Senate-Sr Jack Reed D 100%
SC U.S. Senate-Sr Lindsey Graham R 0%
SC U.S. House-1 Mark Sanford, Jr. R 10%
SC U.S. House-6 Jim Clyburn D 100%
SD U.S. Senate-Sr Timothy Johnson D 89%
TN U.S. House-2 John Duncan, Jr. R 0%
TX U.S. House-3 Sam Johnson R 0%
TX U.S. House-4 Ralph Hall R 0%
TX U.S. House-6 Joe Barton R 0%
TX U.S. House-13 Mac Thornberry R 0%
TX U.S. House-18 Sheila Jackson Lee D 100%
TX U.S. House-21 Lamar Smith R 10%
TX U.S. House-29 Gene Green D 100%
TX U.S. House-30 Eddie Johnson D 100%
TX U.S. House-35 Lloyd Doggett D 100%
UT U.S. Senate-Sr Orrin Hatch R 0%
VA U.S. House-3 Bobby Scott D 100%
VA U.S. House-6 Bob Goodlatte R 0%
VA U.S. House-8 Jim Moran, Jr. D 100%
VA U.S. House-10 Frank Wolf R 10%
VT U.S. Senate-Sr Patrick Leahy D 89%
VT U.S. Senate-Jr Bernie Sanders I 100%
WA U.S. Senate-Sr Patty Murray D 89%
WA U.S. House-4 Doc Hastings R 0%
WA U.S. House-7 Jim McDermott D 90%
WI U.S. House-5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. R 0%
WI U.S. House-6 Tom Petri R 0%
WI Mayor-At-Large Tom Barrett D 100%
WV U.S. Senate-Sr Jay Rockefeller IV D 89%
WV U.S. House-3 Nick Rahall II D 10%
Edmond Spencer Abraham Other 0%
Gary Ackerman Other 100%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. Other 100%
Wayne Allard Other 0%
Bill Archer Other 0%
Richard Armey Other 0%
John Ashcroft Other 0%
Henry Scott Baesler Other 90%
Richard Hugh Baker Other 0%
John Baldacci Other 100%
Cass Ballenger Other 0%
James Barcia Other 20%
Robert Barr, Jr. Other 0%
Bill Barrett Other 0%
Roscoe Bartlett Other 0%
Charlie Bass Other 90%
Herbert Bateman Other 13%
Bob Bennett Other 13%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. Other 100%
Douglas Bereuter Other 30%
Howard Berman Other 100%
Brian Bilbray Other 70%
Michael Bilirakis Other 0%
Jeff Bingaman Other 78%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. Other 0%
Sherwood Boehlert Other 90%
Kit Bond Other 0%
Henry Bonilla Other 20%
David Edward Bonior Other 50%
Sonny Bono Other 30%
Robert Borski, Jr. Other 40%
Rick Boucher Other 100%
John Breaux Other 22%
George Brown, Jr. Other 100%
Richard Bryan Other 89%
Ed Bryant Other 0%
Dale Bumpers Other 88%
Jim Bunning Other 0%
Conrad Burns Other 0%
Dan Burton Other 0%
Steve Buyer Other 0%
Robert Byrd Other 89%
Herbert Callahan Other 0%
Ben Campbell Other 78%
Thomas Campbell Other 100%
Mike Castle Other 90%
John Chafee Other 89%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage Other 0%
Jon Lynn Christensen Other 0%
William Clay, Sr. Other 100%
Eva Clayton Other 100%
Robert Clement Other 88%
Michael Collins Other 0%
Larry Combest Other 0%
Gary Condit Other 90%
Kent Conrad Other 67%
Jerry Costello Other 10%
Paul Coverdell Other 0%
Christopher Cox Other 0%
William Coyne Other 10%
Larry Craig Other 0%
Robert Cramer Other 90%
Philip Crane Other 0%
Barbara Cubin Other 11%
Randall Cunningham Other 0%
Alfonse D'Amato Other 0%
Patsy Ann Danner Other 50%
Thomas Daschle Other 89%
Thomas Davis III Other 70%
Thomas DeLay Other 0%
Ronald Dellums Other 100%
Peter Deutsch Other 100%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart Other 10%
Jay Dickey Other 0%
Norm Dicks Other 100%
Julian Dixon Other 90%
Chris Dodd Other 100%
Pete Domenici, Jr. Other 22%
Calvin Dooley Other 90%
John Doolittle Other 0%
Byron Dorgan Other 67%
David Dreier Other 0%
Jennifer Dunn Other 67%
Chet Edwards Other 78%
Vern Ehlers Other 20%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. Other 70%
Philip English Other 10%
John Ensign Other 0%
Lane Evans Other 100%
Terry Everett Other 0%
Thomas Ewing Other 0%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth Other 0%
Harris Fawell Other 90%
Victor Fazio Other 100%
Russ Feingold Other 100%
Floyd Flake Other 100%
Thomas Foglietta Other 100%
Mark Foley Other 70%
Michael Patrick Forbes Other 10%
Wendell Ford Other 33%
Tillie Fowler Other 60%
Jon David Fox Other 20%
Barney Frank Other 100%
Robert Franks Other 90%
William Frist Other 11%
Jonas Frost III Other 100%
Elizabeth Furse Other 100%
Elton Gallegly Other 0%
John Ganske Other 50%
Sam Gejdenson Other 100%
George Gekas Other 40%
Richard Andrew Gephardt Other 100%
Wayne Gilchrest Other 90%
Paul Gillmor Other 10%
Benjamin Gilman Other 90%
Newt Gingrich Other 25%
John Glenn Other 100%
Henry Gonzalez Other 100%
William Goodling Other 0%
Bart Gordon Other 100%
Slade Gorton Other 33%
Porter Goss Other 20%
Daniel Graham Other 89%
William Phillip Gramm Other 0%
Rodney Grams Other 0%
James Greenwood Other 90%
Judd Gregg Other 11%
Gilbert Gutknecht Other 0%
Tony Hall Other 13%
Lee Hamilton Other 40%
James Hansen Other 0%
Jane Harman Other 100%
J. Dennis Hastert Other 0%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. Other 0%
Joel Hefley Other 0%
W.G. Hefner Other 100%
Jesse Helms Other 0%
Wally Herger, Jr. Other 0%
Van Hilleary Other 0%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. Other 100%
Maurice Hinchey Other 100%
David Lee Hobson Other 60%
Pete Hoekstra Other 0%
Thomas Holden Other 20%
Ernest Hollings Other 100%
Stephen Horn Other 90%
John Nathan Hostettler Other 0%
Amory Houghton, Jr. Other 90%
Duncan Hunter Other 0%
Y. Tim Hutchinson Other 0%
Kay Hutchison Other 0%
Henry Hyde Other 0%
Bob Inglis, Sr. Other 0%
Daniel Inouye Other 100%
Ernest Istook, Jr. Other 0%
William Jefferson Other 100%
James Merrill Jeffords Other 100%
Nancy Johnson Other 90%
Paul Kanjorski Other 40%
Sue Kelly Other 90%
Dirk Kempthorne Other 0%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. Other 100%
Joseph Kennedy II Other 100%
Patrick Kennedy Other 100%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly Other 100%
Bob Kerrey Other 100%
Dale Kildee Other 20%
Jay Kim Other 0%
Gerald Kleczka Other 78%
Ronald Klink Other 40%
Scott Klug Other 90%
Joseph Knollenberg Other 0%
Herb Kohl Other 100%
James Kolbe Other 80%
Jon Kyl Other 0%
John LaFalce Other 20%
Ray LaHood Other 0%
Tom Lantos Other 100%
Stephen Largent Other 0%
Steve LaTourette Other 10%
Rick Lazio Other 90%
James Leach Other 70%
Jerry Lewis Other 20%
Ron Lewis Other 0%
Joe Lieberman Other 78%
John Linder Other 0%
William Lipinski Other 90%
Robert Livingston Other 0%
Trent Lott, Sr. Other 0%
Dick Lugar Other 0%
William Luther Other 100%
Connie Mack Other 0%
Thomas Manton Other 20%
Don Manzullo Other 0%
Matthew Martinez Other 100%
Frank Mascara Other 30%
Robert Matsui Other 100%
Karen McCarthy Other 100%
Bill McCollum Other 0%
James McCrery III Other 0%
Joseph McDade Other 14%
Paul McHale Other 80%
John McHugh Other 10%
Scott McInnis Other 33%
David McIntosh Other 0%
Cynthia Ann McKinney Other 100%
Michael McNulty Other 50%
Martin Meehan Other 100%
Carrie Meek Other 100%
Jack Metcalf Other 20%
Dan Miller Other 20%
David Minge Other 90%
Patsy Takemoto Mink Other 100%
John Moakley Other 100%
Susan Molinari Other 70%
Alan Mollohan Other 10%
Constance Morella Other 80%
Carol Moseley Braun Other 100%
Patrick Moynihan Other 100%
Frank Murkowski Other 0%
Jack Murtha Other 20%
Sue Myrick Other 0%
George Nethercutt, Jr. Other 22%
Mark Neumann Other 0%
Robert William Ney Other 10%
Don Nickles Other 0%
Charles Norwood, Jr. Other 0%
James Nussle Other 0%
Jim Oberstar Other 30%
Dave Obey Other 80%
John Olver Other 100%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. Other 0%
Major Owens Other 100%
Michael Oxley Other 10%
Mike Parker Other 10%
William Paxon Other 0%
Donald Payne Other 100%
Owen Pickett Other 90%
Richard Pombo Other 0%
Earl Pomeroy Other 100%
John Edward Porter Other 80%
Glenn Poshard Other 0%
Deborah Pryce Other 78%
Jack Quinn Other 10%
George Radanovich Other 0%
James Ramstad Other 90%
Ralph Regula Other 30%
Bill Richardson Other 100%
Frank Duncan Riggs Other 20%
Lynn Nancy Rivers Other 100%
Charles Robb Other 100%
Timothy Roemer Other 20%
William Roth, Jr. Other 56%
Marge Roukema Other 90%
Martin Olav Sabo Other 100%
Rick Santorum Other 0%
Paul Sarbanes Other 100%
Jim Saxton Other 20%
Joe Scarborough Other 10%
Daniel Schaefer Other 0%
Steven Schiff Other 70%
John Shadegg Other 0%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. Other 50%
Christopher Shays Other 100%
E.G. Shuster Other 0%
Norman Sisisky Other 90%
David Skaggs Other 100%
Joseph Skeen Other 0%
Ike Skelton Other 10%
Linda Smith Other 0%
Nick Smith Other 0%
Bob Smith Other 0%
Olympia Snowe Other 88%
Gerald B.H. Solomon Other 0%
Mark Souder Other 0%
Arlen Specter Other 78%
Floyd Spence Other 0%
John Spratt, Jr. Other 100%
Pete Stark Other 100%
Cliff Stearns Other 0%
Charles Stenholm Other 10%
Ted Stevens Other 50%
Louis Stokes Other 88%
Bob Stump Other 0%
Bart Stupak Other 20%
James Talent Other 0%
John Tanner Other 80%
William Tauzin Other 0%
Charles Taylor Other 0%
Gene Taylor Other 20%
Frank Tejeda Other 0%
Craig Thomas Other 22%
William Thomas Other 70%
Fred Thompson Other 11%
Karen Thurman Other 100%
Strom Thurmond Other 0%
Todd Tiahrt Other 0%
Esteban Edward Torres Other 100%
Ed Towns Other 100%
James Traficant, Jr. Other 60%
Bruce Vento Other 100%
James Walsh Other 0%
Zach Wamp Other 0%
John Warner Other 0%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. Other 0%
David Weldon Other 0%
W. Curtis Weldon Other 10%
Gerald Weller Other 0%
Paul Wellstone Other 100%
Rick White Other 80%
Bob Wise, Jr. Other 100%
Lynn Woolsey Other 100%
Albert Wynn Other 100%
Sidney Yates Other 100%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.