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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: National Journal

1996 Liberal on Social Policy Score

Issues:
State Office District Name Party Rating
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 92%
Russ Feingold 92%
Daniel Inouye 92%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 92%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 92%
Carol Moseley Braun 92%
Gary Ackerman 88%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 88%
Anthony Beilenson 88%
Howard Berman 88%
William Clay, Sr. 88%
Barbara-Rose Collins 88%
Cardiss Collins 88%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 88%
Ronald Dellums 88%
Julian Dixon 88%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 88%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 88%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 88%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 88%
Barney Frank 88%
Sam Gejdenson 88%
Sam Gibbons 88%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 88%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 88%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 88%
Joseph Kennedy II 88%
Tom Lantos 88%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 88%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 88%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 88%
Robert Matsui 88%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 88%
Martin Meehan 88%
Carrie Meek 88%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 88%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 88%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 88%
John Olver 88%
Major Owens 88%
Donald Payne 88%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 88%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 88%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 88%
Martin Olav Sabo 88%
Patricia Schroeder 88%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 88%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 88%
Pete Stark 88%
Louis Stokes 88%
Gerry Studds 88%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 88%
Esteban Edward Torres 88%
Ed Towns 88%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 88%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 88%
Pat Williams 88%
Lynn Woolsey 88%
Claiborne Pell 85%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 84%
George Brown, Jr. 84%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 84%
Eva Clayton 84%
William Coyne 84%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 84%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 84%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 84%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 84%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 84%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 84%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 84%
Constance Morella 84%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 84%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 84%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 84%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 84%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 84%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 83%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 83%
Sidney Yates 83%
Bill Bradley 82%
Thomas Foglietta 82%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 82%
Patrick Kennedy 82%
Jeff Bingaman 80%
Ronald Coleman 80%
Thomas Daschle 80%
Chris Dodd 80%
John Glenn 80%
Harry Johnston 80%
Herb Kohl 80%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 80%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 80%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 80%
Paul Sarbanes 80%
Michael Ward 80%
Paul Wellstone 80%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 79%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 79%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 79%
Victor Fazio 79%
Elizabeth Furse 79%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 79%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 79%
Karen McCarthy 79%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 79%
David Skaggs 79%
Bruce Vento 79%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 78%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 78%
John Bryant 78%
Cleo Fields 78%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 78%
Charles Robb 78%
Albert Wynn 78%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 77%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 77%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 77%
Bob Kerrey 77%
Matthew Martinez 76%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 76%
Paul Simon 76%
John Baldacci 75%
Calvin Dooley 75%
Lane Evans 75%
Henry Gonzalez 75%
William Jefferson 75%
Pete Peterson 75%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 75%
Dale Bumpers 74%
Floyd Flake 73%
Maurice Hinchey 73%
Karen Thurman 73%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 72%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 72%
Norm Dicks 72%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 72%
Harold Ford, Sr. 72%
Jonas Frost III 72%
William Luther 72%
Bob Wise, Jr. 72%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 72%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 71%
Rick Boucher 71%
Thomas Campbell 71%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 71%
Jane Harman 71%
Peter Deutsch 70%
Benjamin Gilman 70%
Daniel Graham 70%
Gerald Kleczka 70%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 70%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 70%
Ray Thornton 70%
Peter Torkildsen 70%
Charles Wilson 70%
David Edward Bonior 69%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 69%
Bill Richardson 69%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 68%
Sherwood Boehlert 68%
James Greenwood 68%
Dave Obey 68%
Robert Byrd 67%
W.G. Hefner 67%
Ernest Hollings 67%
Nancy Johnson 67%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 67%
John Moakley 67%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 66%
Chet Edwards 66%
Patrick Moynihan 66%
David Pryor 66%
Henry Scott Baesler 65%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 65%
Stephen Horn 65%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 65%
John LaFalce 65%
Jim Oberstar 65%
Earl Pomeroy 65%
Charles Rose III 65%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 63%
Robert Borski, Jr. 63%
John Chafee 63%
Jim Chapman 63%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 63%
James Leach 63%
Joe Lieberman 63%
Blanche Lincoln 63%
Paul McHale 63%
Michael McNulty 63%
Jan Meyers 63%
Sam Nunn 63%
John Spratt, Jr. 63%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 63%
Tony Hall 62%
James Merrill Jeffords 62%
Dale Kildee 62%
Alan Mollohan 62%
Robert Franks 61%
Wayne Gilchrest 61%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 61%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 61%
Owen Pickett 61%
Richard Bryan 60%
Robert Cramer 60%
David Minge 60%
William Cohen 59%
Scott Klug 59%
Rick Lazio 59%
Thomas Manton 59%
Steven Schiff 59%
Arlen Specter 59%
James Kolbe 58%
Bill Martini 58%
Susan Molinari 58%
John Edward Porter 58%
Christopher Shays 58%
Alan Simpson 58%
Olympia Snowe 58%
Gary Franks 57%
Sue Kelly 57%
Marge Roukema 57%
Kent Conrad 56%
Mike Castle 55%
Robert Clement 55%
Bart Gordon 55%
Steven Gunderson 55%
Paul Kanjorski 55%
Deborah Pryce 55%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 55%
Norman Sisisky 55%
Bart Stupak 55%
Richard Zimmer 54%
Tom Bevill 53%
Gary Condit 53%
Thomas Davis III 53%
Jon David Fox 53%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 53%
James Longley, Jr. 53%
Jack Murtha 53%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 53%
William Thomas 53%
Rick White 53%
Brian Bilbray 52%
Bill Orton 52%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 52%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 52%
John Tanner 52%
James Traficant, Jr. 52%
Ben Campbell 51%
James Barcia 50%
E. Kika de la Garza 50%
Jennifer Dunn 50%
Vern Ehlers 50%
Jim Exon 50%
Harris Fawell 50%
Ronald Klink 50%
Frank Mascara 50%
Dan Miller 50%
Jack Quinn 50%
Peter Blute 49%
John Breaux 49%
Glen Browder 49%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 49%
Mark Foley 49%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 48%
Wendell Ford 48%
Thomas Holden 48%
James Ramstad 48%
J. Bennett Johnston 47%
Charlie Bass 46%
Henry Bonilla 46%
Jerry Costello 46%
Mark Hatfield 46%
Glenn Poshard 46%
Ike Skelton 46%
Bill Zeliff 46%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 45%
William Lipinski 45%
Scott McInnis 45%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 45%
William Clinger 44%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 44%
Jerry Lewis 44%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 44%
William Roth, Jr. 44%
Harold Volkmer 44%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 43%
Sonny Bono 42%
Patsy Ann Danner 42%
Tillie Fowler 42%
John Ganske 42%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 42%
Timothy Roemer 42%
Ted Stevens 42%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 42%
James Walsh 42%
Lee Hamilton 41%
James Hayes 41%
Connie Mack 41%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 41%
Jim Saxton 41%
Frank Tejeda 41%
Douglas Bereuter 40%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 40%
Michael Patrick Forbes 40%
Pete Geren 40%
Joseph McDade 40%
Ralph Regula 40%
David Lee Hobson 39%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 39%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 38%
Alfonse D'Amato 38%
John Ensign 38%
William Goodling 38%
Porter Goss 38%
Martin Hoke 38%
Fred Thompson 38%
Jim Bunn 36%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 35%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 35%
Henry Hyde 35%
Ray LaHood 35%
John McHugh 35%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 35%
Frank Duncan Riggs 35%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 35%
Nick Smith 35%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 33%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 33%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 33%
George Gekas 33%
Slade Gorton 33%
John Nathan Hostettler 33%
Steve LaTourette 33%
Trent Lott, Sr. 33%
Joe Scarborough 33%
Joseph Skeen 33%
Linda Smith 33%
Mark Souder 33%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 33%
Bob Bennett 32%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 32%
Bill Brewster 30%
Hank Brown 30%
Greg Laughlin 30%
Richard Armey 29%
Herbert Bateman 29%
Barbara Cubin 29%
Philip English 29%
Jay Kim 29%
Joseph Knollenberg 29%
Robert Livingston 29%
Bill McCollum 29%
Robert William Ney 29%
James Nussle 29%
Michael Oxley 29%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 29%
David Weldon 029%
W. Curtis Weldon 29%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 28%
Jay Dickey 28%
William Frist 28%
Enid Greene 28%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 28%
Dick Lugar 28%
John Myers 28%
Roscoe Bartlett 24%
Philip Crane 24%
John Doolittle 24%
Wally Herger, Jr. 24%
Pete Hoekstra 24%
Ron Lewis 24%
Don Manzullo 24%
David McIntosh 24%
Jack Metcalf 24%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 24%
Richard Pombo 24%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 24%
Cliff Stearns 24%
Gene Taylor 24%
Gerald Weller 24%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 23%
Robert Dole 23%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 23%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 23%
William Baker 21%
David Funderburk 21%
G.V. Montgomery 21%
Toby Roth 21%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 21%
Barbara Vucanovich 21%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 14%
Richard Hugh Baker 14%
Cass Ballenger 14%
Bill Barrett 14%
Michael Bilirakis 14%
Steve Buyer 14%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 14%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 14%
Jon Lynn Christensen 14%
Elton Gallegly 14%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 14%
James Hansen 14%
Joel Hefley 14%
Duncan Hunter 14%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 14%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 14%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 14%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 14%
John Linder 14%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 14%
James McCrery III 14%
Sue Myrick 014%
Ronald Packard 14%
William Paxon 14%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 14%
Floyd Spence 14%
Charles Stenholm 14%
James Talent 14%
Todd Tiahrt 14%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 14%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 14%
Larry Pressler 12%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 10%
Paul Gillmor 10%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 10%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 10%
Van Hilleary 10%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 10%
Mark Neumann 10%
John Shadegg 10%
Bob Stump 010%
Zach Wamp 10%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 10%
Bill Archer 0%
John Ashcroft 0%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
Kit Bond 0%
Ed Bryant 0%
Jim Bunning 0%
Conrad Burns 0%
Dan Burton 0%
Herbert Callahan 0%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 0%
Dick Chrysler 0%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 0%
Michael Collins 0%
Larry Combest 0%
Wes Cooley 0%
Paul Coverdell 0%
Christopher Cox 0%
Larry Craig 0%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 0%
Randall Cunningham 0%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 0%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Robert Dornan 0%
David Dreier 0%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 0%
Bill Emerson 0%
Terry Everett 0%
Thomas Ewing 0%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 0%
Jack Fields, Jr. 0%
Dan Frisa 0%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
William Phillip Gramm 0%
Rodney Grams 0%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 0%
Gilbert Gutknecht 0%
Melton Hancock 0%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 0%
Jesse Helms 0%
Kay Hutchison 0%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 0%
Dirk Kempthorne 0%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 0%
Jon Kyl 0%
Stephen Largent 0%
Jim Lightfoot 0%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 0%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 0%
Carlos Moorhead 0%
Frank Murkowski 0%
Don Nickles 0%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
Mike Parker 0%
James Quillen 0%
George Radanovich 0%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 0%
Rick Santorum 0%
Daniel Schaefer 0%
Andrea Seastrand 0%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 0%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 0%
E.G. Shuster 0%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 0%
Bob Smith 0%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 0%
Randy Tate 0%
William Tauzin 0%
Charles Taylor 0%
Craig Thomas 0%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 0%
Strom Thurmond 0%
Robert Walker 0%
John Warner 0%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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