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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: National Journal

1996 Liberal on Social Policy Score

Issues:
State Office District Name Party Rating
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 84%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 28%
Gary Ackerman 88%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 92%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 72%
Bill Archer 0%
Richard Armey 29%
John Ashcroft 0%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 14%
Henry Scott Baesler 65%
Richard Hugh Baker 14%
William Baker 21%
John Baldacci 75%
Cass Ballenger 14%
James Barcia 50%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 78%
Bill Barrett 14%
Roscoe Bartlett 24%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 33%
Charlie Bass 46%
Herbert Bateman 29%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 63%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 88%
Anthony Beilenson 88%
Bob Bennett 32%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 71%
Douglas Bereuter 40%
Howard Berman 88%
Tom Bevill 53%
Brian Bilbray 52%
Michael Bilirakis 14%
Jeff Bingaman 80%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 68%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
Peter Blute 49%
Sherwood Boehlert 68%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
Kit Bond 0%
Henry Bonilla 46%
David Edward Bonior 69%
Sonny Bono 42%
Robert Borski, Jr. 63%
Rick Boucher 71%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 78%
Bill Bradley 82%
John Breaux 49%
Bill Brewster 30%
Glen Browder 49%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 79%
George Brown, Jr. 84%
Hank Brown 30%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 84%
Richard Bryan 60%
Ed Bryant 0%
John Bryant 78%
Dale Bumpers 74%
Jim Bunn 36%
Jim Bunning 0%
Conrad Burns 0%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 10%
Dan Burton 0%
Steve Buyer 14%
Robert Byrd 67%
Herbert Callahan 0%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 32%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 14%
Ben Campbell 51%
Thomas Campbell 71%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 38%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 72%
Mike Castle 55%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 14%
John Chafee 63%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 0%
Jim Chapman 63%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 35%
Jon Lynn Christensen 14%
Dick Chrysler 0%
William Clay, Sr. 88%
Eva Clayton 84%
Robert Clement 55%
William Clinger 44%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 79%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 23%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 0%
William Cohen 59%
Ronald Coleman 80%
Barbara-Rose Collins 88%
Cardiss Collins 88%
Michael Collins 0%
Larry Combest 0%
Gary Condit 53%
Kent Conrad 56%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 88%
Wes Cooley 0%
Jerry Costello 46%
Paul Coverdell 0%
Christopher Cox 0%
William Coyne 84%
Larry Craig 0%
Robert Cramer 60%
Philip Crane 24%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 33%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 0%
Barbara Cubin 29%
Randall Cunningham 0%
Alfonse D'Amato 38%
Patsy Ann Danner 42%
Thomas Daschle 80%
Thomas Davis III 53%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 0%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 77%
E. Kika de la Garza 50%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 84%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Ronald Dellums 88%
Peter Deutsch 70%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 40%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 49%
Jay Dickey 28%
Norm Dicks 72%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 66%
Julian Dixon 88%
Chris Dodd 80%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 79%
Robert Dole 23%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 33%
Calvin Dooley 75%
John Doolittle 24%
Robert Dornan 0%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 48%
David Dreier 0%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 0%
Jennifer Dunn 50%
Chet Edwards 66%
Vern Ehlers 50%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 45%
Bill Emerson 0%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 88%
Philip English 29%
John Ensign 38%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 88%
Lane Evans 75%
Terry Everett 0%
Thomas Ewing 0%
Jim Exon 50%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 0%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 88%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 88%
Harris Fawell 50%
Victor Fazio 79%
Russ Feingold 92%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 72%
Cleo Fields 78%
Jack Fields, Jr. 0%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 84%
Floyd Flake 73%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 43%
Thomas Foglietta 82%
Mark Foley 49%
Michael Patrick Forbes 40%
Harold Ford, Sr. 72%
Wendell Ford 48%
Tillie Fowler 42%
Jon David Fox 53%
Barney Frank 88%
Gary Franks 57%
Robert Franks 61%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 65%
Dan Frisa 0%
William Frist 28%
Jonas Frost III 72%
David Funderburk 21%
Elizabeth Furse 79%
Elton Gallegly 14%
John Ganske 42%
Sam Gejdenson 88%
George Gekas 33%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 77%
Pete Geren 40%
Sam Gibbons 88%
Wayne Gilchrest 61%
Paul Gillmor 10%
Benjamin Gilman 70%
John Glenn 80%
Henry Gonzalez 75%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
William Goodling 38%
Bart Gordon 55%
Slade Gorton 33%
Porter Goss 38%
Daniel Graham 70%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 10%
William Phillip Gramm 0%
Rodney Grams 0%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 71%
Enid Greene 28%
James Greenwood 68%
Steven Gunderson 55%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 88%
Gilbert Gutknecht 0%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 14%
Tony Hall 62%
Lee Hamilton 41%
Melton Hancock 0%
James Hansen 14%
Jane Harman 71%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 82%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 10%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 28%
Mark Hatfield 46%
James Hayes 41%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 35%
Joel Hefley 14%
W.G. Hefner 67%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 0%
Jesse Helms 0%
Wally Herger, Jr. 24%
Van Hilleary 10%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 79%
Maurice Hinchey 73%
David Lee Hobson 39%
Pete Hoekstra 24%
Martin Hoke 38%
Thomas Holden 48%
Ernest Hollings 67%
Stephen Horn 65%
John Nathan Hostettler 33%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 61%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 77%
Duncan Hunter 14%
Kay Hutchison 0%
Henry Hyde 35%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 14%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
Daniel Inouye 92%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 0%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 88%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 88%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 65%
William Jefferson 75%
James Merrill Jeffords 62%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 84%
Nancy Johnson 67%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 14%
Harry Johnston 80%
J. Bennett Johnston 47%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 10%
Paul Kanjorski 55%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 63%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 14%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 53%
Sue Kelly 57%
Dirk Kempthorne 0%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 92%
Joseph Kennedy II 88%
Patrick Kennedy 82%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 84%
Bob Kerrey 77%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 92%
Dale Kildee 62%
Jay Kim 29%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 44%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 0%
Gerald Kleczka 70%
Ronald Klink 50%
Scott Klug 59%
Joseph Knollenberg 29%
Herb Kohl 80%
James Kolbe 58%
Jon Kyl 0%
John LaFalce 65%
Ray LaHood 35%
Tom Lantos 88%
Stephen Largent 0%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 14%
Steve LaTourette 33%
Greg Laughlin 30%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 80%
Rick Lazio 59%
James Leach 63%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 67%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 70%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 79%
Jerry Lewis 44%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 88%
Ron Lewis 24%
Joe Lieberman 63%
Jim Lightfoot 0%
Blanche Lincoln 63%
John Linder 14%
William Lipinski 45%
Robert Livingston 29%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 42%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 84%
James Longley, Jr. 53%
Trent Lott, Sr. 33%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 84%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 14%
Dick Lugar 28%
William Luther 72%
Connie Mack 41%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 88%
Thomas Manton 59%
Don Manzullo 24%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 88%
Matthew Martinez 76%
Bill Martini 58%
Frank Mascara 50%
Robert Matsui 88%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 0%
Karen McCarthy 79%
Bill McCollum 29%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 0%
James McCrery III 14%
Joseph McDade 40%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 88%
Paul McHale 63%
John McHugh 35%
Scott McInnis 45%
David McIntosh 24%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 23%
Michael McNulty 63%
Martin Meehan 88%
Carrie Meek 88%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 84%
Jack Metcalf 24%
Jan Meyers 63%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 24%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 80%
Dan Miller 50%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 88%
David Minge 60%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 88%
John Moakley 67%
Susan Molinari 58%
Alan Mollohan 62%
G.V. Montgomery 21%
Carlos Moorhead 0%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 69%
Constance Morella 84%
Carol Moseley Braun 92%
Patrick Moynihan 66%
Frank Murkowski 0%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 80%
Jack Murtha 53%
John Myers 28%
Sue Myrick 014%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 88%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 70%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 35%
Mark Neumann 10%
Robert William Ney 29%
Don Nickles 0%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
Sam Nunn 63%
James Nussle 29%
Jim Oberstar 65%
Dave Obey 68%
John Olver 88%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 53%
Bill Orton 52%
Major Owens 88%
Michael Oxley 29%
Ronald Packard 14%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 78%
Mike Parker 0%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 84%
William Paxon 14%
Donald Payne 88%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 61%
Claiborne Pell 85%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 88%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 44%
Pete Peterson 75%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 23%
Owen Pickett 61%
Richard Pombo 24%
Earl Pomeroy 65%
John Edward Porter 58%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 29%
Glenn Poshard 46%
Larry Pressler 12%
Deborah Pryce 55%
David Pryor 66%
James Quillen 0%
Jack Quinn 50%
George Radanovich 0%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 55%
James Ramstad 48%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 88%
Ralph Regula 40%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 52%
Bill Richardson 69%
Frank Duncan Riggs 35%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 84%
Charles Robb 78%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 75%
Timothy Roemer 42%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 14%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 0%
Charles Rose III 65%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 52%
Toby Roth 21%
William Roth, Jr. 44%
Marge Roukema 57%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 88%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 0%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 83%
Martin Olav Sabo 88%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 24%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 84%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 41%
Rick Santorum 0%
Paul Sarbanes 80%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 79%
Jim Saxton 41%
Joe Scarborough 33%
Daniel Schaefer 0%
Steven Schiff 59%
Patricia Schroeder 88%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 76%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 88%
Andrea Seastrand 0%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 0%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 88%
John Shadegg 10%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 45%
Christopher Shays 58%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 0%
E.G. Shuster 0%
Paul Simon 76%
Alan Simpson 58%
Norman Sisisky 55%
David Skaggs 79%
Joseph Skeen 33%
Ike Skelton 46%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 84%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 35%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 0%
Linda Smith 33%
Nick Smith 35%
Bob Smith 0%
Olympia Snowe 58%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 0%
Mark Souder 33%
Arlen Specter 59%
Floyd Spence 14%
John Spratt, Jr. 63%
Pete Stark 88%
Cliff Stearns 24%
Charles Stenholm 14%
Ted Stevens 42%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 21%
Louis Stokes 88%
Gerry Studds 88%
Bob Stump 010%
Bart Stupak 55%
James Talent 14%
John Tanner 52%
Randy Tate 0%
William Tauzin 0%
Charles Taylor 0%
Gene Taylor 24%
Frank Tejeda 41%
Craig Thomas 0%
William Thomas 53%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 88%
Fred Thompson 38%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 0%
Ray Thornton 70%
Karen Thurman 73%
Strom Thurmond 0%
Todd Tiahrt 14%
Peter Torkildsen 70%
Esteban Edward Torres 88%
Ed Towns 88%
James Traficant, Jr. 52%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 42%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 88%
Bruce Vento 79%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 63%
Harold Volkmer 44%
Barbara Vucanovich 21%
Robert Walker 0%
James Walsh 42%
Zach Wamp 10%
Michael Ward 80%
John Warner 0%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 83%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 84%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 14%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 88%
David Weldon 029%
W. Curtis Weldon 29%
Gerald Weller 24%
Paul Wellstone 80%
Rick White 53%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 14%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
Pat Williams 88%
Charles Wilson 70%
Bob Wise, Jr. 72%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 33%
Lynn Woolsey 88%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 72%
Albert Wynn 78%
Sidney Yates 83%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 39%
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 10%
Bill Zeliff 46%
Richard Zimmer 54%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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