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Special Interest Groups

Rating Group: National Education Association

1996 Positions

Issues: Education
State Office District Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House At-Large Don Young Republican 0%
AL U.S. Senate Sr Richard Shelby Republican 19%
AL U.S. House 6 Spencer Bachus Republican 0%
AZ U.S. Senate Sr John McCain III Republican 0%
AZ U.S. House 5 Matthew Salmon Republican 0%
AZ U.S. House 7 Ed Pastor Democratic 95%
CA U.S. Senate Sr Dianne Feinstein Democratic 94%
CA U.S. Senate Jr Barbara Boxer Democratic 94%
CA U.S. House 11 George Miller Democratic 95%
CA U.S. House 12 Nancy Pelosi Democratic 95%
CA U.S. House 18 Anna Eshoo Democratic 95%
CA U.S. House 19 Zoe Lofgren Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 20 Sam Farr Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 25 Buck McKeon Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 33 Henry Waxman Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 34 Xavier Becerra Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 39 Ed Royce Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard Democratic 100%
CA U.S. House 42 Ken Calvert Republican 0%
CA U.S. House 43 Maxine Waters Democratic 94%
CA U.S. House 48 Dana Rohrabacher Republican 0%
CA Mayor At-Large Bob Filner Democratic 100%
CT U.S. House 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic 95%
FL U.S. House 5 Corrine Brown Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 7 John Mica Republican 0%
FL U.S. House 13 Bill Young Republican 5%
FL U.S. House 20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. Democratic 100%
FL U.S. House 27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Republican 19%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady 0%
GA U.S. Senate Sr Saxby Chambliss Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 1 Jack Kingston Republican 0%
GA U.S. House 2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. Democratic 95%
GA U.S. House 5 John Lewis Democratic 100%
GA Governor Nathan Deal Republican 5%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie Democratic 100%
IA U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Grassley Republican 11%
IA U.S. Senate Jr Tom Harkin Democratic 100%
IA U.S. House 3 Tom Latham Republican 0%
ID U.S. Senate Sr Mike Crapo Republican 0%
IL U.S. Senate Sr Dick Durbin Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 1 Bobby Rush Democratic 100%
IL U.S. House 4 Luis Gutierrez Democratic 95%
IN U.S. Senate Sr Daniel Coats Republican 6%
IN U.S. House 1 Pete Visclosky Democratic 77%
KS U.S. Senate Sr Pat Roberts Republican 0%
KS Governor Sam Brownback Republican 0%
KY U.S. Senate Sr Mitch McConnell Republican 11%
KY U.S. House 1 Ed Whitfield Republican 0%
KY U.S. House 5 Hal Rogers Republican 0%
MA U.S. House 1 Richard Neal Democratic 100%
MA U.S. House 5 Ed Markey Democratic 100%
MD U.S. Senate Sr Barbara Mikulski Democratic 94%
MD U.S. Senate Jr Ben Cardin Democratic 86%
MD U.S. House 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic 100%
MD U.S. House 7 Elijah Cummings Democratic 100%
MI U.S. Senate Sr Carl Levin Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 4 Dave Camp Republican 0%
MI U.S. House 6 Fred Upton Republican 0%
MI U.S. House 9 Sandy Levin Democratic 95%
MI U.S. House 12 John Dingell Democratic 100%
MI U.S. House 13 John Conyers, Jr. Democratic 100%
MN U.S. House 7 Collin Peterson Democratic/Farmer/Labor 71%
MS U.S. Senate Sr Thad Cochran Republican 17%
MS U.S. Senate Jr Roger Wicker Republican 0%
MS U.S. House 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic 100%
MT U.S. Senate Sr Max Baucus Democratic 83%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. Democratic 94%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry Democratic 100%
NC U.S. Senate Sr Richard Burr Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 3 Walter Jones, Jr. Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 6 Howard Coble Republican 0%
NC U.S. House 12 Mel Watt Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. Senate Sr Frank Lautenberg Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. Senate Jr Bob Menendez Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 1 Rob Andrews Democratic 90%
NJ U.S. House 2 Frank LoBiondo Republican 32%
NJ U.S. House 4 Chris Smith Republican 14%
NJ U.S. House 6 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic 100%
NJ U.S. House 11 Rodney Frelinghuysen Republican 5%
NV U.S. Senate Sr Harry Reid Democratic 89%
NY U.S. Senate Sr Chuck Schumer Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 2 Pete King Republican 0%
NY U.S. House 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 10 Jerry Nadler Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 12 Carolyn Maloney Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 13 Charlie Rangel Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 15 José Serrano Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 16 Eliot Engel Democratic 100%
NY U.S. House 17 Nita Lowey Democratic 95%
NY U.S. House 25 Louise Slaughter Democratic 100%
OH U.S. Senate Sr Sherrod Brown Democratic 91%
OH U.S. Senate Jr Rob Portman Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 1 Steve Chabot Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 8 John Boehner Republican 0%
OH U.S. House 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic 82%
OH Governor John Kasich Republican 0%
OH State Senate 28 Thomas Sawyer Democratic 95%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine Republican 22%
OK U.S. Senate Sr Jim Inhofe Republican 0%
OK U.S. Senate Jr Thomas Coburn Republican 14%
OK U.S. House 3 Frank Lucas Republican 0%
OR U.S. Senate Sr Ron Wyden Democratic 100%
OR U.S. House 3 Earl Blumenauer Democratic 100%
OR U.S. House 4 Peter DeFazio Democratic 95%
PA U.S. House 2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. Democratic 100%
PA U.S. House 14 Mike Doyle, Jr. Democratic 86%
RI U.S. Senate Sr Jack Reed Democratic 91%
SC U.S. Senate Sr Lindsey Graham Republican 0%
SC U.S. House 1 Mark Sanford, Jr. Republican 9%
SC U.S. House 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic 100%
SD U.S. Senate Sr Timothy Johnson Democratic 76%
TN U.S. House 2 John Duncan, Jr. Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 3 Sam Johnson Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 4 Ralph Hall Republican 27%
TX U.S. House 6 Joe Barton Republican 11%
TX U.S. House 13 Mac Thornberry Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 18 Sheila Jackson Lee Democratic 95%
TX U.S. House 21 Lamar Smith Republican 0%
TX U.S. House 29 Gene Green Democratic 95%
TX U.S. House 30 Eddie Johnson Democratic 100%
TX U.S. House 35 Lloyd Doggett Democratic 95%
TX U.S. House 36 Steve Stockman Republican 0%
UT U.S. Senate Sr Orrin Hatch Republican 11%
VA U.S. House 3 Bobby Scott Democratic 100%
VA U.S. House 6 Bob Goodlatte Republican 0%
VA U.S. House 8 Jim Moran, Jr. Democratic 77%
VA U.S. House 10 Frank Wolf Republican 5%
VT U.S. Senate Sr Patrick Leahy Democratic 94%
VT U.S. Senate Jr Bernie Sanders Independent 100%
WA U.S. Senate Sr Patty Murray Democratic 100%
WA U.S. House 4 Doc Hastings Republican 0%
WA U.S. House 7 Jim McDermott Democratic 100%
WI U.S. House 5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. Republican 0%
WI U.S. House 6 Tom Petri Republican 5%
WI Mayor At-Large Tom Barrett Democratic 91%
WV U.S. Senate Sr Jay Rockefeller IV Democratic 100%
WV U.S. House 3 Nick Rahall II Democratic 91%
Edmond Spencer Abraham 11%
Gary Ackerman 95%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. 100%
Wayne Allard 0%
Bill Archer 0%
Richard Armey 0%
John Ashcroft 6%
Henry Scott Baesler 86%
Richard Hugh Baker 0%
William Baker 0%
John Baldacci 91%
Cass Ballenger 0%
James Barcia 90%
Robert Barr, Jr. 0%
Bill Barrett 0%
Roscoe Bartlett 0%
Charlie Bass 0%
Herbert Bateman 5%
Anthony Beilenson 91%
Bob Bennett 12%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. 95%
Douglas Bereuter 5%
Howard Berman 95%
Tom Bevill 73%
Brian Bilbray 9%
Michael Bilirakis 0%
Jeff Bingaman 94%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. 0%
Peter Blute 9%
Sherwood Boehlert 32%
Kit Bond 17%
Henry Bonilla 5%
David Edward Bonior 100%
Sonny Bono 0%
Robert Borski, Jr. 95%
Rick Boucher 90%
Bill Bradley 100%
John Breaux 83%
George Brown, Jr. 95%
Hank Brown 0%
Richard Bryan 94%
Ed Bryant 0%
John Bryant 90%
Dale Bumpers 100%
Jim Bunn 18%
Jim Bunning 0%
Conrad Burns 17%
Dan Burton 0%
Steve Buyer 0%
Robert Byrd 83%
Herbert Callahan 0%
Ben Campbell 47%
Thomas Campbell 33%
Mike Castle 14%
John Chafee 44%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage 0%
Jon Lynn Christensen 0%
Dick Chrysler 0%
William Clay, Sr. 95%
Eva Clayton 100%
Robert Clement 82%
William Cohen 42%
Ronald Coleman 91%
Barbara-Rose Collins 100%
Cardiss Collins 100%
Michael Collins 0%
Larry Combest 0%
Gary Condit 59%
Kent Conrad 100%
Wes Cooley 0%
Jerry Costello 90%
Paul Coverdell 11%
Christopher Cox 0%
William Coyne 100%
Larry Craig 6%
Robert Cramer 59%
Philip Crane 0%
Frank Arnold Cremeans 0%
Randall Cunningham 0%
Alfonse D'Amato 18%
Patsy Ann Danner 77%
Thomas Daschle 94%
Thomas Davis III 5%
E. Kika de la Garza 90%
Thomas DeLay 0%
Ronald Dellums 100%
Peter Deutsch 86%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart 18%
Jay Dickey 0%
Norm Dicks 95%
Julian Dixon 100%
Chris Dodd 100%
Robert Dole 0%
Pete Domenici, Jr. 22%
Calvin Dooley 86%
John Doolittle 0%
Byron Dorgan 94%
Robert Dornan 0%
David Dreier 0%
Jennifer Dunn 0%
Chet Edwards 95%
Vern Ehlers 5%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. 0%
Bill Emerson 0%
Philip English 24%
John Ensign 9%
Lane Evans 100%
Terry Everett 0%
Thomas Ewing 0%
Jim Exon 83%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth 0%
Harris Fawell 5%
Victor Fazio 95%
Russ Feingold 89%
Cleo Fields 100%
Jack Fields, Jr. 0%
Floyd Flake 95%
Michael Patrick Flanagan 18%
Thomas Foglietta 95%
Mark Foley 0%
Michael Patrick Forbes 5%
Wendell Ford 94%
Tillie Fowler 0%
Jon David Fox 18%
Barney Frank 95%
Gary Franks 18%
Robert Franks 5%
Dan Frisa 0%
William Frist 17%
Jonas Frost III 95%
David Funderburk 0%
Elizabeth Furse 91%
Elton Gallegly 0%
John Ganske 0%
Sam Gejdenson 100%
George Gekas 0%
Richard Andrew Gephardt 95%
Pete Geren 27%
Sam Gibbons 90%
Wayne Gilchrest 0%
Paul Gillmor 5%
Benjamin Gilman 18%
Newt Gingrich 0%
John Glenn 100%
Henry Gonzalez 95%
William Goodling 0%
Bart Gordon 77%
Slade Gorton 22%
Porter Goss 0%
Daniel Graham 94%
William Phillip Gramm 6%
Rodney Grams 0%
Enid Greene 0%
James Greenwood 0%
Judd Gregg 6%
Steven Gunderson 10%
Gilbert Gutknecht 0%
Tony Hall 86%
Lee Hamilton 73%
Melton Hancock 0%
James Hansen 0%
Jane Harman 85%
J. Dennis Hastert 0%
Mark Hatfield 18%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. 0%
Joel Hefley 0%
W.G. Hefner 86%
Fredrick Kenneth Fred' Heineman 9%
Jesse Helms 6%
Wally Herger, Jr. 0%
Van Hilleary 0%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. 100%
Maurice Hinchey 100%
David Lee Hobson 5%
Pete Hoekstra 0%
Thomas Holden 73%
Ernest Hollings 94%
Stephen Horn 23%
John Nathan Hostettler 5%
Amory Houghton, Jr. 19%
Duncan Hunter 0%
Y. Tim Hutchinson 0%
Kay Hutchison 11%
Henry Hyde 5%
Bob Inglis, Sr. 0%
Daniel Inouye 94%
Ernest Istook, Jr. 0%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. 100%
Andrew Jacobs, Jr. 73%
William Jefferson 100%
James Merrill Jeffords 39%
Nancy Johnson 14%
Harry Johnston 91%
J. Bennett Johnston 73%
Paul Kanjorski 82%
Nancy Landon Kassebaum 8%
Sue Kelly 9%
Dirk Kempthorne 6%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. 100%
Joseph Kennedy II 100%
Patrick Kennedy 95%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly 95%
Bob Kerrey 83%
Dale Kildee 95%
Jay Kim 0%
Gerald Kleczka 86%
Ronald Klink 86%
Scott Klug 14%
Joseph Knollenberg 0%
Herb Kohl 94%
James Kolbe 5%
Jon Kyl 0%
John LaFalce 95%
Ray LaHood 9%
Tom Lantos 95%
Stephen Largent 5%
Steve LaTourette 5%
Greg Laughlin 9%
Rick Lazio 0%
James Leach 24%
Jerry Lewis 0%
Ron Lewis 0%
Joe Lieberman 89%
Jim Lightfoot 9%
Blanche Lincoln 80%
John Linder 0%
William Lipinski 64%
Robert Livingston 0%
James Longley, Jr. 0%
Trent Lott, Sr. 11%
Dick Lugar 17%
William Luther 95%
Connie Mack 11%
Thomas Manton 90%
Don Manzullo 0%
Matthew Martinez 100%
Bill Martini 18%
Frank Mascara 82%
Robert Matsui 95%
Karen McCarthy 95%
Bill McCollum 0%
James McCrery III 0%
Joseph McDade 0%
Paul McHale 82%
John McHugh 23%
Scott McInnis 0%
David McIntosh 5%
Cynthia Ann McKinney 100%
Michael McNulty 86%
Martin Meehan 90%
Carrie Meek 100%
Jack Metcalf 0%
Jan Meyers 9%
Juanita Millender-McDonald 100%
Dan Miller 0%
David Minge 82%
Patsy Takemoto Mink 100%
John Moakley 100%
Susan Molinari 10%
Alan Mollohan 90%
G.V. Montgomery 0%
Carlos Moorhead 0%
Constance Morella 45%
Carol Moseley Braun 100%
Patrick Moynihan 100%
Frank Murkowski 6%
Jack Murtha 86%
John Myers 0%
Sue Myrick 0%
George Nethercutt, Jr. 0%
Mark Neumann 0%
Robert William Ney 14%
Don Nickles 6%
Charles Norwood, Jr. 0%
Sam Nunn 58%
James Nussle 0%
Jim Oberstar 100%
Dave Obey 90%
John Olver 95%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. 90%
Bill Orton 73%
Major Owens 100%
Michael Oxley 0%
Ronald Packard 0%
Mike Parker 0%
William Paxon 0%
Donald Payne 100%
Lewis Payne, Jr. 73%
Claiborne Pell 92%
Pete Peterson 82%
Owen Pickett 68%
Richard Pombo 0%
Earl Pomeroy 91%
John Edward Porter 0%
Glenn Poshard 82%
Larry Pressler 0%
Deborah Pryce 5%
David Pryor 92%
Jack Quinn 35%
George Radanovich 0%
James Ramstad 14%
Ralph Regula 5%
Bill Richardson 91%
Frank Duncan Riggs 5%
Lynn Nancy Rivers 100%
Charles Robb 94%
Timothy Roemer 82%
Charles Rose III 82%
Toby Roth 0%
William Roth, Jr. 11%
Marge Roukema 15%
Martin Olav Sabo 100%
Rick Santorum 6%
Paul Sarbanes 100%
Jim Saxton 9%
Joe Scarborough 9%
Daniel Schaefer 0%
Steven Schiff 23%
Patricia Schroeder 91%
Andrea Seastrand 9%
John Shadegg 0%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 0%
Christopher Shays 5%
E.G. Shuster 0%
Paul Simon 100%
Alan Simpson 8%
Norman Sisisky 75%
David Skaggs 91%
Joseph Skeen 5%
Ike Skelton 68%
Linda Smith 0%
Nick Smith 0%
Bob Smith 0%
Olympia Snowe 44%
Gerald B.H. Solomon 0%
Mark Souder 9%
Arlen Specter 39%
Floyd Spence 0%
John Spratt, Jr. 82%
Pete Stark 100%
Cliff Stearns 0%
Charles Stenholm 64%
Ted Stevens 12%
Louis Stokes 94%
Gerry Studds 100%
Bob Stump 0%
Bart Stupak 86%
James Talent 0%
John Tanner 64%
Randy Tate 0%
William Tauzin 5%
Charles Taylor 0%
Gene Taylor 50%
Frank Tejeda 82%
Craig Thomas 11%
William Thomas 0%
Fred Thompson 6%
Ray Thornton 91%
Karen Thurman 90%
Strom Thurmond 17%
Todd Tiahrt 0%
Peter Torkildsen 36%
Esteban Edward Torres 91%
Robert Torricelli 91%
Ed Towns 100%
James Traficant, Jr. 73%
Bruce Vento 95%
Harold Volkmer 100%
Barbara Vucanovich 0%
James Walsh 5%
Zach Wamp 5%
Michael Ward 90%
John Warner 17%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. 0%
David Weldon 0%
W. Curtis Weldon 5%
Gerald Weller 18%
Paul Wellstone 100%
Rick White 9%
Pat Williams 90%
Charles Wilson 80%
Bob Wise, Jr. 91%
Lynn Woolsey 100%
Albert Wynn 100%
Sidney Yates 100%
Bill Zeliff 0%
Richard Zimmer 36%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.

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