Rating Group: National Education Association

1997 Positions

Issues: Education
State Office Name Party Rating
AK U.S. House-At-Large Don Young R 22%
AL U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Shelby R 25%
AL U.S. Senate-Jr Jeff Sessions III R 13%
AL U.S. House-4 Robert Aderholt R 43%
AL U.S. House-6 Spencer Bachus R 36%
AZ U.S. Senate-Sr John McCain III R 27%
AZ U.S. House-5 Matthew Salmon R 29%
AZ U.S. House-7 Ed Pastor D 92%
CA U.S. Senate-Sr Dianne Feinstein D 94%
CA U.S. Senate-Jr Barbara Boxer D 100%
CA U.S. House-11 George Miller D 100%
CA U.S. House-12 Nancy Pelosi D 100%
CA U.S. House-18 Anna Eshoo D 92%
CA U.S. House-19 Zoe Lofgren D 100%
CA U.S. House-20 Sam Farr D 100%
CA U.S. House-25 Buck McKeon R 36%
CA U.S. House-30 Brad Sherman D 86%
CA U.S. House-33 Henry Waxman D 86%
CA U.S. House-34 Xavier Becerra D 100%
CA U.S. House-39 Ed Royce R 14%
CA U.S. House-40 Lucille Roybal-Allard D 93%
CA U.S. House-42 Ken Calvert R 36%
CA U.S. House-43 Maxine Waters D 71%
CA U.S. House-46 Loretta Sanchez D 86%
CA U.S. House-48 Dana Rohrabacher R 21%
CA Mayor-At-Large Bob Filner D 86%
CO U.S. House-1 Diana DeGette D 100%
CO State Board of Education-4 Robert Schaffer R 29%
CT U.S. House-3 Rosa DeLauro D 100%
FL U.S. House-5 Corrine Brown D 92%
FL U.S. House-7 John Mica R 23%
FL U.S. House-13 Bill Young R 46%
FL U.S. House-20 Alcee Hastings, Sr. D 79%
FL U.S. House-27 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R 50%
FL Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Canady Other 43%
GA U.S. Senate-Sr Saxby Chambliss R 54%
GA U.S. House-1 Jack Kingston R 29%
GA U.S. House-2 Sanford Bishop, Jr. D 71%
GA U.S. House-5 John Lewis D 93%
GA Governor Nathan Deal R 36%
HI Governor Neil Abercrombie D 86%
IA U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Grassley R 31%
IA U.S. Senate-Jr Tom Harkin D 100%
IA U.S. House-3 Tom Latham R 50%
ID U.S. Senate-Sr Mike Crapo R 29%
IL U.S. Senate-Sr Dick Durbin D 100%
IL U.S. House-1 Bobby Rush D 77%
IL U.S. House-4 Luis Gutierrez D 77%
IL U.S. House-7 Danny Davis D 71%
IL U.S. House-15 John Shimkus R 50%
IN U.S. Senate-Sr Daniel Coats R 25%
IN U.S. House-1 Pete Visclosky D 77%
KS U.S. Senate-Sr Pat Roberts R 31%
KS U.S. Senate-Jr Jerry Moran R 36%
KS Governor Sam Brownback R 25%
KY U.S. Senate-Sr Mitch McConnell R 27%
KY U.S. House-1 Ed Whitfield R 43%
KY U.S. House-5 Hal Rogers R 57%
LA U.S. Senate-Sr Mary Landrieu D 94%
MA U.S. House-1 Richard Neal D 100%
MA U.S. House-2 Jim McGovern D 93%
MA U.S. House-5 Ed Markey D 86%
MA U.S. House-6 John Tierney D 100%
MD U.S. Senate-Sr Barbara Mikulski D 100%
MD U.S. Senate-Jr Ben Cardin D 93%
MD U.S. House-5 Steny Hoyer D 86%
MD U.S. House-7 Elijah Cummings D 71%
ME U.S. Senate-Sr Susan Collins R 38%
MI U.S. Senate-Sr Carl Levin D 100%
MI U.S. Senate-Jr Debbie Stabenow D 93%
MI U.S. House-4 Dave Camp R 43%
MI U.S. House-6 Fred Upton R 43%
MI U.S. House-9 Sandy Levin D 93%
MI U.S. House-12 John Dingell D 93%
MI U.S. House-13 John Conyers, Jr. D 71%
MN U.S. House-7 Collin Peterson DFL 79%
MO U.S. Senate-Jr Roy Blunt R 21%
MS U.S. Senate-Sr Thad Cochran R 31%
MS U.S. Senate-Jr Roger Wicker R 43%
MS U.S. House-2 Bennie Thompson D 86%
MT U.S. Senate-Sr Max Baucus D 88%
NA Vice President Joe Biden, Jr. D 88%
NA U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles Hagel R 25%
NA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry D 100%
NC U.S. Senate-Sr Richard Burr R 36%
NC U.S. House-3 Walter Jones, Jr. R 29%
NC U.S. House-4 David Price D 93%
NC U.S. House-6 Howard Coble R 14%
NC U.S. House-7 Mike McIntyre D 86%
NC U.S. House-12 Mel Watt D 79%
NJ U.S. Senate-Sr Frank Lautenberg D 100%
NJ U.S. Senate-Jr Bob Menendez D 92%
NJ U.S. House-1 Rob Andrews D 92%
NJ U.S. House-2 Frank LoBiondo R 64%
NJ U.S. House-4 Chris Smith R 57%
NJ U.S. House-6 Frank Pallone, Jr. D 100%
NJ U.S. House-9 Bill Pascrell, Jr. D 93%
NJ U.S. House-11 Rodney Frelinghuysen R 57%
NV U.S. Senate-Sr Harry Reid D 94%
NY U.S. Senate-Sr Chuck Schumer D 100%
NY U.S. House-2 Pete King R 50%
NY U.S. House-4 Carolyn McCarthy D 93%
NY U.S. House-7 Nydia Velázquez D 79%
NY U.S. House-10 Jerry Nadler D 93%
NY U.S. House-12 Carolyn Maloney D 100%
NY U.S. House-13 Charlie Rangel D 86%
NY U.S. House-15 José Serrano D 79%
NY U.S. House-16 Eliot Engel D 92%
NY U.S. House-17 Nita Lowey D 100%
NY U.S. House-25 Louise Slaughter D 100%
OH U.S. Senate-Sr Sherrod Brown D 100%
OH U.S. Senate-Jr Rob Portman R 50%
OH U.S. House-1 Steve Chabot R 29%
OH U.S. House-8 John Boehner R 36%
OH U.S. House-9 Marcy Kaptur D 79%
OH Governor John Kasich R 50%
OH State Senate-28 Thomas Sawyer D 100%
OH Attorney General Michael DeWine R 44%
OK U.S. Senate-Sr Jim Inhofe R 13%
OK U.S. Senate-Jr Thomas Coburn R 23%
OK U.S. House-3 Frank Lucas R 50%
OR U.S. Senate-Sr Ron Wyden D 100%
OR U.S. House-3 Earl Blumenauer D 77%
OR U.S. House-4 Peter DeFazio D 64%
PA U.S. House-2 Chaka Fattah, Sr. D 100%
PA U.S. House-14 Mike Doyle, Jr. D 86%
PA U.S. House-16 Joe Pitts R 43%
RI U.S. Senate-Sr Jack Reed D 100%
SC U.S. Senate-Sr Lindsey Graham R 29%
SC U.S. House-1 Mark Sanford, Jr. R 21%
SC U.S. House-6 Jim Clyburn D 86%
SD U.S. Senate-Sr Timothy Johnson D 94%
SD U.S. Senate-Jr John Thune R 57%
TN U.S. House-2 John Duncan, Jr. R 43%
TX U.S. House-3 Sam Johnson R 29%
TX U.S. House-4 Ralph Hall R 43%
TX U.S. House-6 Joe Barton R 21%
TX U.S. House-8 Kevin Brady R 29%
TX U.S. House-12 Kay Granger R 50%
TX U.S. House-13 Mac Thornberry R 36%
TX U.S. House-15 Rubén Hinojosa, Sr. D 92%
TX U.S. House-18 Sheila Jackson Lee D 93%
TX U.S. House-21 Lamar Smith R 43%
TX U.S. House-29 Gene Green D 93%
TX U.S. House-30 Eddie Johnson D 93%
TX U.S. House-32 Pete Sessions R 36%
TX U.S. House-35 Lloyd Doggett D 85%
UT U.S. Senate-Sr Orrin Hatch R 38%
VA U.S. House-3 Bobby Scott D 86%
VA U.S. House-6 Bob Goodlatte R 36%
VA U.S. House-8 Jim Moran, Jr. D 79%
VA U.S. House-10 Frank Wolf R 54%
VT U.S. Senate-Sr Patrick Leahy D 100%
VT U.S. Senate-Jr Bernie Sanders I 86%
WA U.S. Senate-Sr Patty Murray D 100%
WA U.S. House-4 Doc Hastings R 31%
WA U.S. House-7 Jim McDermott D 85%
WA U.S. House-9 Adam Smith D 93%
WI U.S. House-3 Ron Kind D 93%
WI U.S. House-5 Jim Sensenbrenner, Jr. R 29%
WI U.S. House-6 Tom Petri R 36%
WI Mayor-At-Large Tom Barrett D 100%
WV U.S. Senate-Sr Jay Rockefeller IV D 100%
WV U.S. House-3 Nick Rahall II D 86%
WY U.S. Senate-Sr Mike Enzi R 25%
Edmond Spencer Abraham Other 31%
Gary Ackerman Other 100%
Daniel Akaka, Sr. Other 100%
Wayne Allard Other 19%
Thomas Allen Other 93%
Bill Archer Other 36%
Richard Armey Other 43%
John Ashcroft Other 13%
Henry Scott Baesler Other 86%
Richard Hugh Baker Other 46%
John Baldacci Other 92%
Cass Ballenger Other 29%
James Barcia Other 86%
Robert Barr, Jr. Other 29%
Bill Barrett Other 71%
Roscoe Bartlett Other 36%
Charlie Bass Other 50%
Herbert Bateman Other 43%
Bob Bennett Other 31%
Kenneth Bentsen, Jr. Other 100%
Douglas Bereuter Other 57%
Howard Berman Other 100%
Marion Berry Other 86%
Brian Bilbray Other 50%
Michael Bilirakis Other 50%
Jeff Bingaman Other 94%
Rod Blagojevich Other 100%
Thomas Bliley, Jr. Other 43%
Sherwood Boehlert Other 71%
Kit Bond Other 31%
Henry Bonilla Other 29%
David Edward Bonior Other 93%
Sonny Bono Other 50%
Robert Borski, Jr. Other 86%
Leonard Boswell Other 93%
Rick Boucher Other 86%
Allen Boyd, Jr. Other 79%
John Breaux Other 75%
George Brown, Jr. Other 100%
Richard Bryan Other 94%
Ed Bryant Other 29%
Dale Bumpers Other 94%
Jim Bunning Other 50%
Conrad Burns Other 31%
Dan Burton Other 36%
Steve Buyer Other 38%
Robert Byrd Other 94%
Herbert Callahan Other 43%
Ben Campbell Other 33%
Thomas Campbell Other 43%
Chris Cannon Other 43%
Julia Carson Other 93%
Mike Castle Other 57%
John Chafee Other 69%
Helen Chenoweth-Hage Other 21%
Jon Lynn Christensen Other 43%
William Clay, Sr. Other 71%
Eva Clayton Other 93%
Joseph Maxwell Cleland Other 88%
Robert Clement Other 85%
Michael Collins Other 43%
Larry Combest Other 36%
Gary Condit Other 79%
Kent Conrad Other 100%
Merrill Cook Other 50%
John Cooksey Other 50%
Jerry Costello Other 100%
Paul Coverdell Other 31%
Christopher Cox Other 29%
William Coyne Other 100%
Larry Craig Other 31%
Robert Cramer Other 93%
Philip Crane Other 29%
Barbara Cubin Other 45%
Randall Cunningham Other 43%
Alfonse D'Amato Other 50%
Patsy Ann Danner Other 79%
Thomas Daschle Other 100%
James Davis Other 93%
Thomas Davis III Other 57%
Bill Delahunt Other 86%
Thomas DeLay Other 43%
Ronald Dellums Other 79%
Peter Deutsch Other 93%
Lincoln Diaz-Balart Other 50%
Jay Dickey Other 29%
Norm Dicks Other 93%
Julian Dixon Other 93%
Chris Dodd Other 100%
Pete Domenici, Jr. Other 31%
Calvin Dooley Other 92%
John Doolittle Other 21%
Byron Dorgan Other 100%
David Dreier Other 38%
Jennifer Dunn Other 43%
Chet Edwards Other 86%
Vern Ehlers Other 50%
Bob Ehrlich, Jr. Other 43%
Jo Ann Emerson Other 50%
Philip English Other 57%
John Ensign Other 43%
Bob Etheridge Other 93%
Lane Evans Other 93%
Terry Everett Other 36%
Thomas Ewing Other 43%
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth Other 25%
Harris Fawell Other 64%
Victor Fazio Other 93%
Russ Feingold Other 88%
Thomas Foglietta Other 100%
Mark Foley Other 43%
Michael Patrick Forbes Other 46%
Harold Ford, Jr. Other 93%
Wendell Ford Other 81%
Vito Fossella, Jr. Other 100%
Tillie Fowler Other 43%
Jon David Fox Other 50%
Barney Frank Other 85%
Robert Franks Other 50%
William Frist Other 31%
Jonas Frost III Other 93%
Elizabeth Furse Other 100%
Elton Gallegly Other 50%
John Ganske Other 50%
Sam Gejdenson Other 100%
George Gekas Other 43%
Richard Andrew Gephardt Other 86%
Jim Gibbons Other 43%
Wayne Gilchrest Other 50%
Paul Gillmor Other 38%
Benjamin Gilman Other 57%
Newt Gingrich Other 33%
John Glenn Other 88%
Henry Gonzalez Other 100%
Virgil Goode, Jr. Other 50%
William Goodling Other 43%
Bart Gordon Other 86%
Slade Gorton Other 25%
Porter Goss Other 43%
Daniel Graham Other 88%
William Phillip Gramm Other 19%
Rodney Grams Other 19%
James Greenwood Other 50%
Judd Gregg Other 31%
Gilbert Gutknecht Other 43%
Tony Hall Other 85%
Lee Hamilton Other 93%
James Hansen Other 36%
Jane Harman Other 93%
J. Dennis Hastert Other 50%
J.D. Hayworth, Jr. Other 43%
Joel Hefley Other 29%
W.G. Hefner Other 100%
Jesse Helms Other 13%
Wally Herger, Jr. Other 36%
Rick Hill Other 36%
Van Hilleary Other 21%
Earl Hilliard, Jr. Other 69%
Maurice Hinchey Other 100%
David Lee Hobson Other 50%
Pete Hoekstra Other 31%
Thomas Holden Other 92%
Ernest Hollings Other 75%
Darlene Hooley Other 100%
Stephen Horn Other 64%
John Nathan Hostettler Other 29%
Amory Houghton, Jr. Other 62%
Kenny Hulshof Other 50%
Duncan Hunter Other 36%
Asa Hutchinson Other 43%
Y. Tim Hutchinson Other 25%
Kay Hutchison Other 31%
Henry Hyde Other 50%
Bob Inglis, Sr. Other 29%
Daniel Inouye Other 100%
Ernest Istook, Jr. Other 21%
Jesse Jackson, Jr. Other 79%
William Jefferson Other 91%
James Merrill Jeffords Other 69%
William Lewis Jenkins Other 57%
Christopher John Other 79%
Jay Johnson Other 100%
Nancy Johnson Other 79%
Paul Kanjorski Other 100%
Sue Kelly Other 50%
Dirk Kempthorne Other 31%
Edward Kennedy, Sr. Other 100%
Joseph Kennedy II Other 86%
Patrick Kennedy Other 86%
Barbara Bailey Kennelly Other 100%
Bob Kerrey Other 94%
Dale Kildee Other 93%
Carolyn Kilpatrick Other 71%
Jay Kim Other 50%
Gerald Kleczka Other 79%
Ronald Klink Other 93%
Scott Klug Other 54%
Joseph Knollenberg Other 50%
Herb Kohl Other 88%
James Kolbe Other 50%
Dennis Kucinich Other 79%
Jon Kyl Other 31%
John LaFalce Other 100%
Ray LaHood Other 50%
Nicholas Lampson Other 93%
Tom Lantos Other 100%
Stephen Largent Other 21%
Steve LaTourette Other 50%
Rick Lazio Other 50%
James Leach Other 62%
Jerry Lewis Other 46%
Ron Lewis Other 46%
Joe Lieberman Other 75%
John Linder Other 43%
William Lipinski Other 57%
Robert Livingston Other 50%
Trent Lott, Sr. Other 31%
Dick Lugar Other 38%
William Luther Other 93%
Connie Mack Other 31%
James Maloney Other 93%
Thomas Manton Other 92%
Don Manzullo Other 29%
Matthew Martinez Other 100%
Frank Mascara Other 100%
Robert Matsui Other 86%
Karen McCarthy Other 92%
Bill McCollum Other 38%
James McCrery III Other 43%
Joseph McDade Other 57%
Paul McHale Other 86%
John McHugh Other 71%
Scott McInnis Other 43%
David McIntosh Other 25%
Cynthia Ann McKinney Other 93%
Michael McNulty Other 85%
Martin Meehan Other 100%
Carrie Meek Other 86%
Jack Metcalf Other 36%
Juanita Millender-McDonald Other 93%
Dan Miller Other 36%
David Minge Other 93%
Patsy Takemoto Mink Other 86%
John Moakley Other 93%
Alan Mollohan Other 85%
Constance Morella Other 71%
Carol Moseley Braun Other 100%
Patrick Moynihan Other 88%
Frank Murkowski Other 31%
Jack Murtha Other 79%
Sue Myrick Other 43%
George Nethercutt, Jr. Other 46%
Mark Neumann Other 29%
Robert William Ney Other 57%
Don Nickles Other 25%
Anne Northup Other 43%
Charles Norwood, Jr. Other 29%
James Nussle Other 43%
Jim Oberstar Other 86%
Dave Obey Other 86%
John Olver Other 100%
Solomon Ortiz, Sr. Other 92%
Major Owens Other 86%
Michael Oxley Other 43%
Ronald Packard Other 50%
Michael Pappas Other 43%
Mike Parker Other 43%
Ron Paul Other 29%
William Paxon Other 29%
Donald Payne Other 77%
Edward Pease Other 43%
John Peterson Other 43%
Charles Pickering, Jr. Other 36%
Owen Pickett Other 86%
Richard Pombo Other 14%
Earl Pomeroy Other 100%
John Edward Porter Other 54%
Glenn Poshard Other 100%
Deborah Pryce Other 50%
Jack Quinn Other 54%
George Radanovich Other 36%
James Ramstad Other 71%
Bill Redmond Other 36%
Ralph Regula Other 57%
Silvestre Reyes Other 85%
Frank Duncan Riggs Other 50%
Bob Riley Other 42%
Lynn Nancy Rivers Other 100%
Charles Robb Other 81%
Ciro Rodriguez Other 93%
Timothy Roemer Other 86%
James Rogan Other 50%
William Roth, Jr. Other 31%
Steve Rothman Other 100%
Marge Roukema Other 64%
Jim Ryun Other 21%
Martin Olav Sabo Other 93%
Max Sandlin, Jr. Other 93%
Rick Santorum Other 31%
Paul Sarbanes Other 94%
Jim Saxton Other 57%
Joe Scarborough Other 14%
Daniel Schaefer Other 36%
Steven Schiff Other 0%
John Shadegg Other 21%
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. Other 50%
Christopher Shays Other 50%
E.G. Shuster Other 43%
Norman Sisisky Other 86%
David Skaggs Other 100%
Joseph Skeen Other 43%
Ike Skelton Other 82%
Gordon Smith Other 38%
Linda Smith Other 43%
Nick Smith Other 43%
Robert Smith Other 50%
Bob Smith Other 19%
Vincent Snowbarger Other 21%
Olympia Snowe Other 44%
Vic Snyder Other 93%
Gerald B.H. Solomon Other 43%
Mark Souder Other 43%
Arlen Specter Other 81%
Floyd Spence Other 50%
John Spratt, Jr. Other 93%
Pete Stark Other 86%
Cliff Stearns Other 36%
Charles Stenholm Other 79%
Ted Stevens Other 31%
Louis Stokes Other 79%
Ted Strickland Other 93%
Bob Stump Other 21%
Bart Stupak Other 93%
John Sununu Other 50%
James Talent Other 31%
John Tanner Other 86%
Ellen Tauscher Other 86%
William Tauzin Other 50%
Charles Taylor Other 36%
Gene Taylor Other 50%
Craig Thomas Other 31%
William Thomas Other 50%
Fred Thompson Other 19%
Karen Thurman Other 100%
Strom Thurmond Other 31%
Todd Tiahrt Other 21%
Esteban Edward Torres Other 100%
Robert Torricelli Other 94%
Ed Towns Other 77%
James Traficant, Jr. Other 71%
James Turner Other 86%
Bruce Vento Other 100%
James Walsh Other 50%
Zach Wamp Other 43%
John Warner Other 31%
Wesley Watkins Other 50%
Julius Caesar Watts, Jr. Other 43%
David Weldon Other 29%
W. Curtis Weldon Other 50%
Gerald Weller Other 50%
Paul Wellstone Other 87%
Robert Wexler Other 100%
Bob Weygand Other 100%
Rick White Other 50%
Bob Wise, Jr. Other 100%
Lynn Woolsey Other 100%
Albert Wynn Other 93%
Sidney Yates Other 78%

How to Interpret these Evaluations

Keep in mind that ratings done by special interest groups often do not represent a non-partisan stance. In addition, some groups select votes that tend to favor members of one political party over another, rather than choosing votes based solely on issues concerns. Nevertheless, they can be invaluable in showing where an incumbent has stood on a series of votes in the past one or two years, especially when ratings by groups on all sides of an issue are compared. Website links, if available, and descriptions of the organizations offering performance evaluations are accessible by clicking on the name of the group.

Most performance evaluations are displayed in a percentage format. However, some organizations present their ratings in the form of a letter grade or endorsement based on voting records, interviews, survey results and/or sources of campaign funding. For consistency and ease in understanding, Project Vote Smart converts all scores into a percentage when possible. Please visit the group's website or call 1-888-VOTESMART for more specific information.